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{{Sleep apnea}}
{{Sleep apnea}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Kashish Goel|Kashish Goel, M.D.]]
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.


==Overview==
==Overview==
Polysomnography is diagnostic of sleep apnea and is recommended among all patients who are suspected to have sleep apnea during history-taking.
==Polysomnography==
==Polysomnography==
Results of polysomnography in obstructive sleep apnea show pauses in breathing. As in central apnea, pauses are followed by a relative decrease in blood oxygen and an increase in the blood carbon dioxide. Whereas in central sleep apnea the body's motions of breathing stop, in obstructive sleep apnea the chest not only continues to make the movements of inhalation, the movements typically become even more pronounced. Monitors for airflow at the nose and mouth show the dynamics of airflow<!-- context seems to indicate this means "shows that there is reduced or no airflow" or similar wording -- is that correct? -->, but efforts to breathe are not only present, they are often exaggerated. The chest muscles and diaphragm contract and the entire body may thrash and struggle.
*Also known as a sleep study
*Full-night, attended, in-laboratory polysomnography is considered the gold-standard diagnostic test for OSA
*It involves monitoring the patient during a full night's sleep:
:*Brain activity
:*Eye movements
:*Heart rate
:*Blood pressure
:*Amount of oxygen in the blood
:*Air movement through the nose while breathing, snoring, and chest movements
*Split-night, attended, in-laboratory polysomnography
:*This involves the diagnostic portion of the study performed during the first part of the night only
:*Those patients who are diagnosed with OSA during the first part of the night and choose positive airway pressure therapy can have their positive airway pressure device titrated during the second part of the night<ref name="pmid9302726">{{cite journal| author=Chesson AL, Ferber RA, Fry JM, Grigg-Damberger M, Hartse KM, Hurwitz TD et al.| title=The indications for polysomnography and related procedures. | journal=Sleep | year= 1997 | volume= 20 | issue= 6 | pages= 423-87 | pmid=9302726 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9302726  }} </ref>
<br>
[[Image:Apnea2Min.jpg|700px]]<br>
<sup>Two minute epoch representing continuous OSA</sup>


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==References==
<gallery heights="175" widths="375">
{{Reflist|2}}
Image:Apnea2Min.jpg|Two minute epoch representing continuous OSA. (Click on this image for larger version)
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</gallery>
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Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common category of sleep-disordered breathing. The prevalence of OSA among the adult population in western Europe and North America has not been confidently established, but in the mid-1990s was estimated to be 3-4% of women and 6-7% of men.
[[Category:Cardiology]]
 
An "event" can be either an apnea, characterised by complete cessation of airflow for at least 10 seconds, or a [[hypopnea]] in which airflow decreases by 50 percent for 10 seconds or decreases by 30 percent if there is an associated decrease in the oxygen saturation or an arousal from sleep (American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force, 1999). To grade the severity of sleep apnea the number of events per hour is reported as the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). An AHI of less than 5 is considered normal. An AHI of 5-15 is mild; 15-30 is moderate and more than 30 events per hour characterizes severe sleep apnea.
 
 
 
{{reflist|2}}
 
 
[[Category:Sleep disorders]]
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
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Latest revision as of 00:13, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.

Overview

Polysomnography is diagnostic of sleep apnea and is recommended among all patients who are suspected to have sleep apnea during history-taking.

Polysomnography

  • Also known as a sleep study
  • Full-night, attended, in-laboratory polysomnography is considered the gold-standard diagnostic test for OSA
  • It involves monitoring the patient during a full night's sleep:
  • Brain activity
  • Eye movements
  • Heart rate
  • Blood pressure
  • Amount of oxygen in the blood
  • Air movement through the nose while breathing, snoring, and chest movements
  • Split-night, attended, in-laboratory polysomnography
  • This involves the diagnostic portion of the study performed during the first part of the night only
  • Those patients who are diagnosed with OSA during the first part of the night and choose positive airway pressure therapy can have their positive airway pressure device titrated during the second part of the night[1]



Two minute epoch representing continuous OSA

References

  1. Chesson AL, Ferber RA, Fry JM, Grigg-Damberger M, Hartse KM, Hurwitz TD; et al. (1997). "The indications for polysomnography and related procedures". Sleep. 20 (6): 423–87. PMID 9302726.

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