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__NOTOC__
'''For patient information, click [[Knee pain/swelling (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Infobox_Disease |
{{Infobox_Disease |
   Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
   Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
   Image          = Knee swelling in osteosarcoma.jpg|
   Image          = Knee swelling in osteosarcoma.jpg|
   Caption        = |
   Caption        = |
  DiseasesDB    = |
  ICD10          = |
  ICD9          = |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  MeshID        = |
}}
}}
{{SI}}
{{Knee pain/swelling}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


==[[Knee pain/swelling overview|Overview]]==


==[[Knee pain/swelling historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


The most common reasons of knee pain can include;
==[[Knee pain/swelling classification|Classification]]==
==Differential diagnosis of knee pain/swelling==
===Common causes===
====Acute knee pain====
* Ligament injuries
* Tendon injuries ([[tendinitis]])
* Meniscus injuries
* Loose body
* Dislocated kneecap
* [[Osgood-Schlatter disease]]
* [[Iliotibial band syndrome]]
* Hyperextended knee
* Septic arthritis


====Chronic knee pain====
==[[Knee pain/swelling pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
* [[Osteoarthritis]]
* [[Gout]]
* [[Chondromalacia]] of the [[patella]], or patellofemoral pain


===Causes by Organ System===
==[[Knee pain/swelling causes|Causes]]==
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}


=== Complete differential diagnosis of causes of knee pain/sweling===  
==[[Knee pain/swelling differential diagnosis|Differentiating Knee pain/swelling from Other Diseases]]==
* Acute [[gouty arthritis]]
* [[Still's Disease|Adult Still's Disease]]
* [[Anterior cruciate ligament]] ([[ACL]]) injury
* [[Baker's cyst]]
* Bone, ligament or cartilage damage
* [[Bursitis]]
* [[Chondromalacia patellae]]
* Chronic [[gouty arthritis]]
* Discoid [[meniscus]]
* [[Gonococcemia]]
* Hip or foot/ankle disease with referred pain to the knee
* [[Iliotibial Band Syndrome]]
* Joint effusion
* Joint infection
* [[Lateral collateral ligament]] ([[LCL]]) injury
* [[Malignancy]]
* [[Medial collateral ligament]] ([[MCL]]) injury
* [[Meniscus]] tear
* [[Osgood-Schlatter Disease]]
* [[Osteoarthritis]]
* [[Osteochondritis Dissecans]] (OCD)
* [[Osteomyelitis]]
* [[Osteosarcoma]]
* [[Patellofemoral syndrome]]
* Pes [[anserine bursitis]]
* [[Posterior cruciate ligament]] ([[PCL]]) injury
* [[Pseudogout]]
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]
* [[Reiter's Syndrome]]
* [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
* [[Scleroderma]]
* [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]


== Diagnosis ==  
==[[Knee pain/swelling epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


=== History and Symptoms ===
==[[Knee pain/swelling risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
* Gait abnormalities
* [[Swelling]]
* Erythema
* Deformity
* Muscle atrophy


=== Physical Examination ===
==[[Knee pain/swelling natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
* Range of motion
* Palpate area of concern
* "Milk the joint"
* McMurray circumduction test
* Ligament testing


== Laboratory Findings ==  
==Diagnosis==
* [[Complete blood count]]
[[Knee pain/swelling history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Knee pain/swelling physical examination|Physical Examination]]| [[Knee pain/swelling laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Knee pain/swelling x ray|X Ray]] | [[Knee pain/swelling CT|CT]] | [[Knee pain/swelling MRI|MRI]] | [[Knee pain/swelling ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Knee pain/swelling other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Knee pain/swelling other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
* [[C-reactive protein]]
* [[Uric acid]]
* [[Alkaline phosphatase]]
* [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] ([[ESR]])


=== X-Ray ===  
==Treatment==
* Anteroposterior, lateral and merchant (or sunrise) films of both knees
[[Knee pain/swelling medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Knee pain/swelling surgery|Surgery]] | [[Knee pain/swelling primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Knee pain/swelling cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Knee pain/swelling future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
* Tunnel views of knee
* Merchant and sunrise of the patella


=== MRI and CT ===
== Case Studies ==
* MRI for confirmation of suspected diagnosis
[[Knee pain/swelling case study one|Case #1]]
 
{{WH}}
=== Other Diagnostic Studies ===
{{WS}}
* Bone scan
* Joint aspiration
== Treatment ==
* Conservative therapy is best
* Lifestyle changes
* Physical therapy
* Exercise
 
== Pharmacotherapy ==
 
=== Acute Pharmacotherapies ===
* Anti-inflammatory medications
* Joint medications
* Antibiotics
 
== Surgery and Device Based Therapy ==
* Surgery necessary for most ACL injuries
* Meniscal tears may require surgical repair
* Joint infection requires surgery (emergency)
* Surgery may be necessary for osteoarthritis, if conservative treatment fails
 
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Musculoskeletal Disease]]
[[Category:Musculoskeletal Disease]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Medical signs]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]
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Latest revision as of 22:27, 29 July 2020

For patient information, click here

Knee pain/swelling


Knee pain/swelling Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Knee Pain/swelling from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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[1]

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Knee pain/swelling from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination| Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1 Template:WH Template:WS