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{{Subdural hematoma}}
{{Subdural hematoma}}
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== Overview ==


==History and Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
Symptoms of subdural hemorrhage have a slower onset than those of [[epidural hemorrhage]]s because the lower pressure veins bleed more slowly than arteries. Thus, signs and symptoms may show up within 24 hours but can be delayed as much as 2 weeks.<ref name="Sanders and McKenna">Sanders MJ and McKenna K. 2001. ''Mosby’s Paramedic Textbook'', 2nd revised Ed. Chapter 22, "Head and facial trauma." Mosby.</ref> If the bleeds are large enough to put pressure on the brain, signs of increased [[intracranial pressure|ICP]] or damage to part of the brain will be present.<ref name="wagner"/> (Dr.Gill Mohinder MD)
=== History ===
Patients with subdural hematoma may have a positive history of:<ref name="MoriYamamoto2002">{{cite journal|last1=Mori|first1=Kentaro|last2=Yamamoto|first2=Takuji|last3=Horinaka|first3=Naoaki|last4=Maeda|first4=Minoru|title=Arachnoid Cyst Is a Risk Factor for Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Juveniles: Twelve Cases of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Associated with Arachnoid Cyst|journal=Journal of Neurotrauma|volume=19|issue=9|year=2002|pages=1017–1027|issn=0897-7151|doi=10.1089/089771502760341938}}</ref><ref name="BlountCampbell1993">{{cite journal|last1=Blount|first1=Jeffrey P.|last2=Campbell|first2=John A.|last3=Haines|first3=Stephen J.|title=Complications in Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting|journal=Neurosurgery Clinics of North America|volume=4|issue=4|year=1993|pages=633–656|issn=10423680|doi=10.1016/S1042-3680(18)30556-4}}</ref><ref name="McCulloughFox1974">{{cite journal|last1=McCullough|first1=David C.|last2=Fox|first2=John L.|title=Negative intracranial pressure hydrocephalus in adults with shunts and its relationship to the production of subdural hematoma|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery|volume=40|issue=3|year=1974|pages=372–375|issn=0022-3085|doi=10.3171/jns.1974.40.3.0372}}</ref><ref name="McGovernLippa2013">{{cite journal|last1=McGovern|first1=Margaret M.|last2=Lippa|first2=Natalie|last3=Bagiella|first3=Emilia|last4=Schuchman|first4=Edward H.|last5=Desnick|first5=Robert J.|last6=Wasserstein|first6=Melissa P.|title=Morbidity and mortality in type B Niemann–Pick disease|journal=Genetics in Medicine|volume=15|issue=8|year=2013|pages=618–623|issn=1098-3600|doi=10.1038/gim.2013.4}}</ref><ref name="Pirson2010">{{cite journal|last1=Pirson|first1=Yves|title=Extrarenal Manifestations of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease|journal=Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease|volume=17|issue=2|year=2010|pages=173–180|issn=15485595|doi=10.1053/j.ackd.2010.01.003}}</ref><ref name="MitsiasLevine1996">{{cite journal|last1=Mitsias|first1=Panyiotis|last2=Levine|first2=Steven R.|title=Cerebrovascular complications of Fabry's disease|journal=Annals of Neurology|volume=40|issue=1|year=1996|pages=8–17|issn=0364-5134|doi=10.1002/ana.410400105}}</ref><ref name="GroningerSchaper2005">{{cite journal|last1=Groninger|first1=Anja|last2=Schaper|first2=Jörg|last3=Messing-Juenger|first3=Martina|last4=Mayatepek|first4=Ertan|last5=Rosenbaum|first5=Thorsten|title=Subdural hematoma as clinical presentation of osteogenesis imperfecta|journal=Pediatric Neurology|volume=32|issue=2|year=2005|pages=140–142|issn=08878994|doi=10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.07.011}}</ref><ref name="pmid16735769">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aydin M, Akarsu S, Kabakus N, Akpolat N |title=Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB, cerebral vasculopathy and recurrent subdural hematoma |journal=Indian Pediatr |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=437–40 |date=May 2006 |pmid=16735769 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Other [[signs]] and [[symptom]]s of subdural hematoma include the following:
* Elderly
* A history of recent [[head injury]]  
* Head trauma
* Loss of [[consciousness]] or fluctuating levels of consciousness
* Anticoagulant use
* Alcohol abuse
* Cocaine abuse
* Seizure
* Parkinson
* CSF shunt
* Arachnoid cyst
* Roller coaster
* ADPKD
* Osteogenesis imperfecta
* Fabry's disease
* Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB
* Type B Niemann–Pick disease
 
*
 
*
 
=== Common Symptoms ===
Common symptoms of acute subdural hematoma include:<ref name="pmid16710968">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J, Gordon D, Hartl R, Newell DW, Servadei F, Walters BC, Wilberger JE |title=Surgical management of acute subdural hematomas |journal=Neurosurgery |volume=58 |issue=3 Suppl |pages=S16–24; discussion Si–iv |date=March 2006 |pmid=16710968 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="FogelholmHeiskanen1975">{{cite journal|last1=Fogelholm|first1=Rainer|last2=Heiskanen|first2=Olli|last3=Waltimo|first3=Olli|title=Chronic subdural hematoma in adults|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery|volume=42|issue=1|year=1975|pages=43–46|issn=0022-3085|doi=10.3171/jns.1975.42.1.0043}}</ref>
* Headache
* Vomiting
* Anisocoria
* Dysphagia
* Balance problem
* Comma
* Blurred Vision
* [[Disorientation]]
* Dizziness
* Slurred speech
* Irritability
* Irritability
* [[Seizures]]
* [[Seizures]]
* [[Numbness]]
* [[Numbness]]
* [[Headache]] (either constant or fluctuating)
* Abnormal movement of the eyes
* [[Dizziness]]
 
* [[Disorientation]]
*
* [[Amnesia]]
Common symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma include:<ref name="Samiy1963">{{cite journal|last1=Samiy|first1=E.|title=Chronic Subdural Hematoma Presenting a Parkinsonian Syndrome|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery|volume=20|issue=10|year=1963|pages=903|issn=0022-3085|doi=10.3171/jns.1963.20.10.0903}}</ref><ref name="pmid1605153">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaminski HJ, Hlavin ML, Likavec MJ, Schmidley JW |title=Transient neurologic deficit caused by chronic subdural hematoma |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=92 |issue=6 |pages=698–700 |date=June 1992 |pmid=1605153 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Weakness or [[lethargy]]
* Headaches
* [[Nausea]] or [[vomit|vomiting]]
* Cognitive impairment
* Personality changes
* Light-headedness
* [[Dysphasia|Inability to speak]] or [[dysarthria|slurred speech]]
* Suppression of emotions (apathy)
* [[Ataxia]], or difficulty walking
* Sleepiness
* Altered breathing patterns
* Seizures
* Blurred Vision
* Disturbances of consciousness
* [[Deviated gaze]], or abnormal movement of the eyes.
* Motor problems
* Sensation problem (paraparesis)
* Parkinson like symptoms
NOTE: Symptoms of chronic SDH can be fluctuating.
 
NOTE: Symptoms of subdural hemorrhage have a slower onset than those of [[epidural hemorrhage]]s because the lower pressure veins bleed more slowly than arteries.  Thus, signs and symptoms may show up within 24 hours but can be delayed as much as 2 weeks.<ref name="Sanders and McKenna">Sanders MJ and McKenna K. 2001. ''Mosby’s Paramedic Textbook'', 2nd revised Ed.  Chapter 22, "Head and facial trauma." Mosby.</ref>
 
*
 
=== Less Common Symptoms ===
Less common symptoms of subdural hematoma include:
* Death following acute SDH
 
*
 
*


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 15:33, 3 June 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

History and Symptoms

History

Patients with subdural hematoma may have a positive history of:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

  • Elderly
  • Head trauma
  • Anticoagulant use
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Cocaine abuse
  • Seizure
  • Parkinson
  • CSF shunt
  • Arachnoid cyst
  • Roller coaster
  • ADPKD
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta
  • Fabry's disease
  • Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB
  • Type B Niemann–Pick disease

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of acute subdural hematoma include:[9][10]

  • Headache
  • Vomiting
  • Anisocoria
  • Dysphagia
  • Balance problem
  • Comma
  • Blurred Vision
  • Disorientation
  • Dizziness
  • Slurred speech
  • Irritability
  • Seizures
  • Numbness
  • Abnormal movement of the eyes

Common symptoms of chronic subdural hematoma include:[11][12]

  • Headaches
  • Cognitive impairment
  • Light-headedness
  • Suppression of emotions (apathy)
  • Sleepiness
  • Seizures
  • Disturbances of consciousness
  • Motor problems
  • Sensation problem (paraparesis)
  • Parkinson like symptoms

NOTE: Symptoms of chronic SDH can be fluctuating.

NOTE: Symptoms of subdural hemorrhage have a slower onset than those of epidural hemorrhages because the lower pressure veins bleed more slowly than arteries. Thus, signs and symptoms may show up within 24 hours but can be delayed as much as 2 weeks.[13]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of subdural hematoma include:

  • Death following acute SDH

References

  1. ↑ Mori, Kentaro; Yamamoto, Takuji; Horinaka, Naoaki; Maeda, Minoru (2002). "Arachnoid Cyst Is a Risk Factor for Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Juveniles: Twelve Cases of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Associated with Arachnoid Cyst". Journal of Neurotrauma. 19 (9): 1017–1027. doi:10.1089/089771502760341938. ISSN 0897-7151.
  2. ↑ Blount, Jeffrey P.; Campbell, John A.; Haines, Stephen J. (1993). "Complications in Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting". Neurosurgery Clinics of North America. 4 (4): 633–656. doi:10.1016/S1042-3680(18)30556-4. ISSN 1042-3680.
  3. ↑ McCullough, David C.; Fox, John L. (1974). "Negative intracranial pressure hydrocephalus in adults with shunts and its relationship to the production of subdural hematoma". Journal of Neurosurgery. 40 (3): 372–375. doi:10.3171/jns.1974.40.3.0372. ISSN 0022-3085.
  4. ↑ McGovern, Margaret M.; Lippa, Natalie; Bagiella, Emilia; Schuchman, Edward H.; Desnick, Robert J.; Wasserstein, Melissa P. (2013). "Morbidity and mortality in type B Niemann–Pick disease". Genetics in Medicine. 15 (8): 618–623. doi:10.1038/gim.2013.4. ISSN 1098-3600.
  5. ↑ Pirson, Yves (2010). "Extrarenal Manifestations of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease". Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease. 17 (2): 173–180. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2010.01.003. ISSN 1548-5595.
  6. ↑ Mitsias, Panyiotis; Levine, Steven R. (1996). "Cerebrovascular complications of Fabry's disease". Annals of Neurology. 40 (1): 8–17. doi:10.1002/ana.410400105. ISSN 0364-5134.
  7. ↑ Groninger, Anja; Schaper, Jörg; Messing-Juenger, Martina; Mayatepek, Ertan; Rosenbaum, Thorsten (2005). "Subdural hematoma as clinical presentation of osteogenesis imperfecta". Pediatric Neurology. 32 (2): 140–142. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.07.011. ISSN 0887-8994.
  8. ↑ Aydin M, Akarsu S, Kabakus N, Akpolat N (May 2006). "Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB, cerebral vasculopathy and recurrent subdural hematoma". Indian Pediatr. 43 (5): 437–40. PMID 16735769.
  9. ↑ Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J, Gordon D, Hartl R, Newell DW, Servadei F, Walters BC, Wilberger JE (March 2006). "Surgical management of acute subdural hematomas". Neurosurgery. 58 (3 Suppl): S16–24, discussion Si–iv. PMID 16710968.
  10. ↑ Fogelholm, Rainer; Heiskanen, Olli; Waltimo, Olli (1975). "Chronic subdural hematoma in adults". Journal of Neurosurgery. 42 (1): 43–46. doi:10.3171/jns.1975.42.1.0043. ISSN 0022-3085.
  11. ↑ Samiy, E. (1963). "Chronic Subdural Hematoma Presenting a Parkinsonian Syndrome". Journal of Neurosurgery. 20 (10): 903. doi:10.3171/jns.1963.20.10.0903. ISSN 0022-3085.
  12. ↑ Kaminski HJ, Hlavin ML, Likavec MJ, Schmidley JW (June 1992). "Transient neurologic deficit caused by chronic subdural hematoma". Am. J. Med. 92 (6): 698–700. PMID 1605153.
  13. ↑ Sanders MJ and McKenna K. 2001. Mosby’s Paramedic Textbook, 2nd revised Ed. Chapter 22, "Head and facial trauma." Mosby.

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