Carcinoid syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(25 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Carcinoid syndrome}}
{{Carcinoid syndrome}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{PSD}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{PSD}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Majority of the cases of gastrointestinal carcinoid are sporadic, however gastrointestinal carcinoid is associated with mutations in ''MEN1'' and ''NF1'' genes.
Common causes of [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]] include [[genetic disorders]] ([[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] and [[neurofibromatosis type 1]]) and [[genetic mutations]] (gains involving [[chromosomes]] 5, 14, 17, and 19 and losses involving [[chromosomes]] 11 and 18).


==Causes==
==Causes==
Common causes of carcinoid syndrome include:<ref>Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
*Approximately 30-40% of patients with well-differentiated [[Neuroendocrine tumor|neuroendocrine tumors]] present with [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]].
*Genetic disorders
*[[Carcinoid Syndrome|Carcinoid syndrome]] is predominantly associated with [[Neuroendocrine tumor|neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)]] that arise from the [[midgut]] in the setting of extensive [[Liver (2)|liver]] [[metastases]]
**[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
* [[Carcinoid Syndrome|Carcinoid syndrome]] may be present in patients with [[bronchial]] [[Carcinoid|carcinoids]].<ref name="pmid30133565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rubin de Celis Ferrari AC, Glasberg J, Riechelmann RP |title=Carcinoid syndrome: update on the pathophysiology and treatment |journal=Clinics (Sao Paulo) |volume=73 |issue=suppl 1 |pages=e490s |date=August 2018 |pmid=30133565 |pmc=6096975 |doi=10.6061/clinics/2018/e490s |url=}}</ref>
:**Carcinoids associated with [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] appear to be of [[foregut]] origin.
* other common causes of [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]] includes are mostly [[genetic]]:<ref name="aaa">Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
**[[Neurofibromatosis type 1]]
*'''[[Genetic disorders]]'''<ref>{{cite journal|title=Duodenal Carcinoid Tumours, Phaeochromocytoma and Neurofibromatosis: Islet Cell Tumour, Phaeochromocytoma and the Von Hippel-Lindau Complex: Two Distinctive Neuroendocrine Syndromes|journal=QJM: An International Journal of Medicine|year=1987|issn=1460-2393|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a068147}}</ref>
:** Carcinoids in patients with [[neurofibromatosis type 1]] appear to arise primarily in the periampullary region.
<ref name="JakobovitzNass1996">{{cite journal|last1=Jakobovitz|first1=O|last2=Nass|first2=D|last3=DeMarco|first3=L|last4=Barbosa|first4=A J|last5=Simoni|first5=F B|last6=Rechavi|first6=G|last7=Friedman|first7=E|title=Carcinoid tumors frequently display genetic abnormalities involving chromosome 11.|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|volume=81|issue=9|year=1996|pages=3164–3167|issn=0021-972X|doi=10.1210/jcem.81.9.8784062}}</ref><ref name="pmid28965289">{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Shea T, Druce M |title=When should genetic testing be performed in patients with neuroendocrine tumours? |journal=Rev Endocr Metab Disord |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=499–515 |date=December 2017 |pmid=28965289 |pmc=5849652 |doi=10.1007/s11154-017-9430-3 |url=}}</ref>
*Genetic mutations
 
**Gains involving chromosomes 5, 14, 17, and 19
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align="center"
**Losses involving chromosomes 11 (especially 11q) and 18
| valign="top" |
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Genetic Disorder}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Tumor Location}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |
[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Carcinoid|Carcinoids]] associated with [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] appear to be of [[foregut]] origin
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
[[Neurofibromatosis type 1]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Carcinoid|Carcinoids]] in patients with [[neurofibromatosis type 1]] appear to arise primarily in the [[periampullary]] region
|}
 
*'''[[Genetic mutations]]'''
 
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align="center"
| valign="top" |
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Type of Mutation}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Chromosomes}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |
Gains
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Chromosome]] 5
*[[Chromosome]] 14  
*[[Chromosome]] 17
*[[Chromosome]] 19
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
Losses
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Chromosome]] 11
*[[Chromosome]] 18
|}


==References==
==References==
Line 22: Line 60:
{{WS}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 16:17, 23 April 2019

Carcinoid syndrome Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Carcinoid Syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Carcinoid syndrome causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Carcinoid syndrome causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Carcinoid syndrome causes

CDC on Carcinoid syndrome causes

Carcinoid syndrome causes in the news

Blogs on Carcinoid syndrome causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Carcinoid syndrome

Risk calculators and risk factors for Carcinoid syndrome causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common causes of carcinoid syndrome include genetic disorders (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and neurofibromatosis type 1) and genetic mutations (gains involving chromosomes 5, 14, 17, and 19 and losses involving chromosomes 11 and 18).

Causes

[4][5]

Genetic Disorder Tumor Location

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1

Type of Mutation Chromosomes

Gains

Losses

References

  1. Rubin de Celis Ferrari AC, Glasberg J, Riechelmann RP (August 2018). "Carcinoid syndrome: update on the pathophysiology and treatment". Clinics (Sao Paulo). 73 (suppl 1): e490s. doi:10.6061/clinics/2018/e490s. PMC 6096975. PMID 30133565.
  2. Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq
  3. "Duodenal Carcinoid Tumours, Phaeochromocytoma and Neurofibromatosis: Islet Cell Tumour, Phaeochromocytoma and the Von Hippel-Lindau Complex: Two Distinctive Neuroendocrine Syndromes". QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 1987. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a068147. ISSN 1460-2393.
  4. Jakobovitz, O; Nass, D; DeMarco, L; Barbosa, A J; Simoni, F B; Rechavi, G; Friedman, E (1996). "Carcinoid tumors frequently display genetic abnormalities involving chromosome 11". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 81 (9): 3164–3167. doi:10.1210/jcem.81.9.8784062. ISSN 0021-972X.
  5. O'Shea T, Druce M (December 2017). "When should genetic testing be performed in patients with neuroendocrine tumours?". Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 18 (4): 499–515. doi:10.1007/s11154-017-9430-3. PMC 5849652. PMID 28965289.

Template:WH Template:WS