Mononucleosis prognosis: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]

Latest revision as of 18:06, 18 September 2017

Overview

Fatalities from mononucleosis are extremely rare in developed nations. However, chronic sub-clinical infection may persist secondary to the dormant virus within the B cells. Reactivation of the virus may occur in susceptible hosts under the appropriate environmental stressors. Similar such reactivation or chronic sub-clinical viral activity in susceptible hosts may trigger multiple host autoimmune diseases and cancers secondary to virus predilection to B lymphocytes and its ability to alter both lymphocyte proliferation and lymphocyte antibody production.

Prognosis

  • Once the acute symptoms of an initial infection disappear, they often do not return. But once infected, the patient carries the virus for the rest of their life. The virus typically lives dormantly in B lymphocytes. Independent infections of mononucleosis may be contracted multiple times, regardless of whether the patient is already carrying the virus dormantly.
  • Periodically, the virus can reactivate, during which time the patient is again infectious, but usually without any symptoms of illness. Usually, a patient has few, if any, further symptoms or problems from the latent B lymphocyte infection. However, in susceptible hosts under the appropriate environmental stressors, reactivation of the virus is observed and known to cause vague subclinical symptoms or remain mostly asymptomatic and is diagnosed by positive serologic response. Additionally, its imperative to note that during this phase the virus can spread to others.
  • Similar such reactivation or chronic sub-clinical viral activity in susceptible hosts may trigger multiple host autoimmune diseases and cancers secondary to EBV's predilection to B lymphocytes (the primary antibody-producing cell of the immune system) and its ability to alter both lymphocyte proliferation and lymphocyte antibody production.[1][2]
  • Commonly caused autoimmune diseases include:
  • Chronic immunologic stimulation by the virus, particularly causes lymphoma including:

Mortality & Morbidity

  • Fatalities from mononucleosis are extremely rare in developed nations.
  • However, potential mortal complications include:

References

  1. Sitki-Green D, Covington M, Raab-Traub N (2003). "Compartmentalization and transmission of multiple epstein-barr virus strains in asymptomatic carriers". Journal of Virology. 77 (3): 1840–7. PMC 140987. PMID 12525618. Retrieved 2012-02-23. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Hadinoto V, Shapiro M, Greenough TC, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K, Thorley-Lawson DA (2008). "On the dynamics of acute EBV infection and the pathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis". Blood. 111 (3): 1420–7. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-06-093278. PMC 2214734. PMID 17991806. Retrieved 2012-02-23. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. Preiksaitis JK (2004). "New developments in the diagnosis and management of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders in solid organ transplant recipients". Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 39 (7): 1016–23. doi:10.1086/424447. PMID 15472855. Retrieved 2012-02-29. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. Preiksaitis JK (2001). "Epstein-Barr virus infection and malignancy in solid organ transplant recipients: strategies for prevention and treatment". Transplant Infectious Disease : an Official Journal of the Transplantation Society. 3 (2): 56–9. PMID 11395970. Retrieved 2012-02-29. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


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