Botulism history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 15:16, 24 May 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.

Overview

Botulism symptoms may range from mild to severe in some cases. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dysphagia. Adults commonly complain of double vision, blurred vision and slurred speech. Infants may present with constipation or generalized weakness or hypotonia. The most serious symptom in adults and in children is complete flaccid paralysis with respiratory muscle paralysis. In infants, this condition is commonly referred to as "floppy baby syndrome".

History and Symptoms

Botulism patients often present with rapidly progressive neuromuscular malfunction. Patients commonly have a history of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and difficulty in swallowing. Clinicians may illicit a history of consumption of fermented foods (particularly fish) in adults and consumption of honey in children.

	Adult botulism	Infant botulism
Most common symptoms	Adult botulism includes both the foodborne and the wound botulism. The most common symptoms of botulism include the following:^[1] Double vision Blurred vision Drooping eyelids (Ptosis) Slurred speech Difficulty swallowing Dry mouth Muscle weakness History of intravenous drug abuse (wound botulism) Vomiting	Infants less than 12 months of age are susceptible, with 95% of cases occurring between the ages of 3 weeks and 6 months of age at presentation. The mode of action of this form is through colonization by germinating spores in the gut of an infant. Symptoms include: Constipation Generalized weakness Loss of head control Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis. Death is the eventual outcome unless the infant receives artificial ventilation.
Less common symptoms	Diarrhea	Weak cry Feeding difficulties

References

↑ CDC https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/symptoms.html Accessed on May 19, 2017

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[Botulism-1] CDC https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/symptoms.html Accessed on May 19, 2017

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{#widget:SchemaSnippet}}
+__NOTOC__
-==Symptoms==
+{{Botulism}}
-===Food-borne and wound botulism===
+{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{MJM}}
-* Classic symptoms of food-borne botulism usually occur between 12–36 hours after consuming the [[botulinum toxin]]. However, they can occur as early as 6 hours or as late as 10 days after.
-* Wound botulism has a longer incubation period, usually between 4–14 days.
-Common symptoms of either form usually include dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, slurred speech, drooping eyelids, muscle weakness, double and/or blurred vision, vomiting, blatter  and sometimes diarrhea. These [[symptoms]] may progress to cause paralytic [[ileus]] with severe [[constipation]], and eventually body paralysis. The respiratory muscles are affected as well, which may cause death due to respiratory failure. These are all symptoms of the muscle paralysis caused by the bacterial toxin.
+==Overview==
+Botulism symptoms may range from mild to severe in some cases. Common symptoms include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[Diarrhea|diarrhe]]<nowiki/>a and [[dysphagia]]. Adults commonly complain of  [[Diplopia|double vision]], [[blurred vision]] and [[Dysarthria|slurred speech]]. Infants may present with [[constipation]] or generalized [[weakness]] or [[hypotonia]]. The most serious symptom in adults and in children is complete [[flaccid paralysis]] with [[Respiratory failure|respiratory muscle paralysis]]. In infants, this condition is commonly referred to as "[[floppy baby syndrome]]".
+==History and Symptoms==
+Botulism patients often present with rapidly progressive neuromuscular malfunction. Patients commonly have a  history of [[diarrhea]], [[Nausea|nausea,]] [[vomiting]] and [[Dysphagia|difficulty in swallowing]]. Clinicians may illicit a history of consumption of fermented foods (particularly fish) in adults and consumption of honey in children.
+{| class="wikitable"
+!
+!Adult botulism
+!Infant botulism
+|-
+|Most common symptoms
+|Adult botulism includes both the foodborne and the wound botulism. The most common symptoms of botulism include the following:<ref name="Botulism">CDC https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/symptoms.html Accessed on May 19, 2017 </ref>
+*[[Diplopia|Double vision]]
+*[[Blurred vision]]
+*Drooping eyelids ([[Ptosis]])
+*S[[Slurred speech|lurred speech]]
+*[[Dysphagia|Difficulty swallowing]]
+*[[Xerostomia|Dry mouth]]
+*[[Muscle weakness]]
+*History of intravenous drug abuse (wound botulism)
+*[[Nausea and vomiting|Vomiting]]
-In all cases illness is caused by the toxin made by ''C. botulinum,'' not by the bacterium itself. The pattern of damage occurs because the toxin affects nerves that are firing more often.<ref>Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 4th Ed., Section 7.55</ref>
+|Infants less than 12 months of age are susceptible, with 95% of cases occurring between the ages of 3 weeks and 6 months of age at presentation. The mode of action of this form is through colonization by germinating [[endospore|spore]]s in the gut of an infant. Symptoms include:
+* [[Constipation]]
-===Infant botulism===
+* Generalized [[weakness]]
-Infant botulism (first recognized in 1976) is the most common form of the ailment in the United States, but is rarely diagnosed in other countries. It affects about 100 infants per year in the United States, with the majority in the state of California (50&ndash;60%). Infants less than 12 months of age are susceptible, with 95% of cases occurring between the ages of 3 weeks and 6 months of age at presentation. The mode of action of this form is through colonization by germinating [[endospore|spore]]s in the gut of an infant. The first symptom is usually constipation, followed by generalized weakness, loss of head control and difficulty feeding. Like the other forms of botulism, the symptoms are caused by the absorption of botulinum toxin, and typically progress to a symmetric descending flaccid paralysis. Death is the eventual outcome unless the infant receives [[artificial ventilation]].
+* Loss of head control
+* Symmetric descending [[flaccid paralysis]]. Death is the eventual outcome unless the infant receives [[artificial ventilation]].
-Honey, corn syrup, and other sweeteners are potentially dangerous for infants. This is partly because the digestive juices of an infant are less acidic than older children and adults, and may be less likely to destroy ingested spores. In addition, young infants do not yet have sufficient numbers of resident microbiota in their intestines to competitively exclude ''C. botulinum''. Unopposed in the small intestine, the warm body temperature combined with an [[wikt:anaerobic|anaerobic]] environment creates a medium for botulinum spores to germinate, divide and produce toxin. Thus, ''C. botulinum'' is able to colonize the gut of an infant with relative ease, whereas older children and adults are not typically susceptible to ingested spores. ''C. botulinum'' spores are widely present in the environment, including honey. For this reason, it is advised that neither honey, nor any other sweetener, be given to children until after 12 months. Nevertheless, the majority of infants with botulism have no history of ingestion of honey, and the exact source of the offending spores is unclear about 85% of the time. Spores present in the soil are a leading candidate for most cases, and often a history of construction near the home of an affected infant may be obtained.
+|-
+|Less common symptoms
+|[[Diarrhea]]
+|
+*Weak cry
+*[[Feeding difficulties]]
+|}
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Botulism history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:16, 24 May 2017

Overview

History and Symptoms

References

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