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| ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 350px;" | Disease | | ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 100px;" | |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 350px;" | Description
| | ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 200px;" | |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 350px;" | Clinical Findings | | ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 250px;" | |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 350px;" | Diagnosis
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 350px;" | Prophylaxis | |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 350px;" | Treatment
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | [[Pneumocystis pneumonia|Pneumocystis Pneumonia]] | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | |
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| *Caused by the fungus ''Pneumocystis jirovecii''.
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| *90% of cases occurred among patients with CD4+ <200
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| *Incidence among HIV patients: 2-3 cases per 100 person-year
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Subacute onset of progressive dyspnea, fever, nonproductive cough, and chest discomfort that worsens within days to weeks. Tachypnea, tachycardia, and diffuse dry rales are found in the physical examination.
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Clinical presentation, blood tests, or chest x-rays are not pathognomonic for PCP.
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Start TMP-SMX prophylaxis when CD4+ <200 cells/µL or history of oropharyngeal candidiasis. <br> Discontinue prophylaxis when CD4+ is >200 cells/µL for >3 month.
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| *TMP-SMX
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| *<small>Administer adjunctive corticosteroids in patients with pO2 <70 mm Hg or arterial-alveolar O2 gradient >35 mm Hg</small>
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | [[Toxoplasma gondii]] Encephalitis
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * Caused by the protozoan ''Toxoplasma gondii''
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| * The greatest risk of disease occurs among patients with a CD4+ <50 cells/µL
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| * Primary infection occurs after eating undercooked meat containing tissue cysts or ingesting oocysts that have been shed in cat feces and have sporulated in the environment
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Focal encephalitis with headache, confusion, or motor weakness and fever
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Diagnosis is done with IgG antibodies. CT scan or MRI of the brain will typically show multiple contrast-enhancing lesions, often with associated edema. Definite diagnosis requires a brain biopsy.
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Start TMP-SMX prophylaxis when CD4+ <100 cells/µL <br> Discontinue prophylaxis when CD4+ is >200 cells/µL for >3 month.
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Administer:
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| * [[Pyrimethamine]], PLUS
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| * [[Sulfadiazine]], PLUS
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| * [[Leucovorin]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | Cryptosporidiosis
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | Microsporidiosis
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" colspan=5| Table adapted from Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5804a1.htm| title=Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents}} </ref>
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| |} | | |} |