Property:AnswerBExp
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Anti-RNP antibodies are autoantibodies associated with mixed connective tissue disease and are also detected in nearly 40% of patients with SLE. However, they're not classically associated with NL +
Approximately 20% of patients with Friedreich's ataxia develop carbohydrate intolerance and 10% develop diabetes mellitus. +
Digitalis has been tested in several RCTs and there’s a general consensus that it does not improve mortality, but it decreases hospitalizations and reduces healthcare costs. +
Aortic rupture carries a high mortality and if the diagnosis is suspected based on history, physical or initial chest radiograph, consultation with a thoracic surgeon is warranted for immediate life-saving surgery to stop the bleeding. +
'''Incorrect'''-Metastatic carcinoma generally occurs in older patients and would not be expected to cause these symptoms. +
Correct. The formation of fibrin thrombi in DIC lowers the level of fibrinogen and subsequently increases the products of its degradation i.e. D-dimer and fibrin split products. +
Punched-out erosions with over-hanging cortical bone (rat-bite erosions) are characteristic of gout. Gout is an acute monoarthritis caused by precipitation of the needle-shaped, negative-birefringent monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. It is associated with hyperuricemia and results in podagra, a painful MTP joint of the big toe. +
Broad non-septate hyphae with wide-angled branching is a feature of mucormycotina, which are responsible for mucormycosis +
Alpha-synuclein deposits are observed in brain biopsies of patients with Lewy body dementia. Lewy body dementia is characterized by the presence of dementia, early parkinsonism, and visual hallucinations. +
''Toxoplasma gondii'' is a protozoan parasite that causes brain abscesses and focal central nervous system disease among HIV-positive patients with CD4 counts < 100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>. Distinguishing a PCNSL vs. toxoplasmosis infection can be difficult. First, the majority of PCNSL are solitary lesions (65%), whereas cerebral toxoplasmosis typically present with multiple foci of disease (86%). Although brain MRI in PCNSL may demonstrate a ring-enhancing lesion similar to cerebral toxoplasmosis, PCNSL lesion is usually larger and is more likely to appear uniformly-enhanced on MRI. Finally, the clinical presentation may be helpful to distinguish both diseases. In the case, the patient has no fever, constitutional symptoms, or epilepsy due to encephalitis. +
'''Correct''' : Culture of joint fluid and other mucosal surfaces is diagnostic in 80% of individuals. +
'''Incorrect''' : Subcutaneous nodules are typical of rheumatoid arthritis which are symmetrical and bilateral joint pain. +
'''Incorrect'''-Sildenafil (phosphodiesterase inhibitors) are the first line of drugs in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients. +
'''Incorrect'''-Annual physical examination are not sensitive enough to diagnose early medullary thyroid carcinoma. +
Mosaicism denotes the presence of two or more populations of cells with different genotypes. These genotypes are all present in one individual who has developed from a single fertilized egg. +