View source for Disseminated intravascular coagulation causes

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{{Template:DIC}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}

==Overview==
There are a variety of causes of DIC<ref>{{cite book |last = Ledingham | first = J | coauthors = D Warrell | title = Concise Oxford Textbook of Medicine | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 2000 | isbn = 0-19-262870-4,}}</ref>, all usually causing the release of chemicals into the blood that instigates the coagulation.

==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. 

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in itself is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the cause.

===Common Causes===
*[[Abruptio placentae]]
*[[Amniotic fluid embolism]]
*[[Aortic aneurysm]]
*[[transfusion reaction|Blood transfusion reaction]]
*[[Drugs]] (e.g. [[Amphetamines]])
*[[Eclampsia]]
*[[hemangioma|Giant hemangioma]]
*[[Graft-versus-host disease]]
*[[HELLP syndrome]]
*[[transfusion reaction|Hemolytic transfusion reaction]]
*[[Liver disease]]
*[[Malignancy]] (especially [[APL]])
*[[Sepsis]] (esp. [[gram-negative bacteria]])
*[[allergy|Severe allergic reaction]]
*[[Transplant rejection]]
*[[Trauma]] (e.g. [[Fat embolism]], [[head injury]])
*[[Venomous snake]]
*[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]

===Causes by Organ System===

{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], [[malignant hypertension]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[septic shock]], [[shock]], [[vasculitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[snake bite|Snake bite (elapid)]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Purpura fulminans]], [[Raynaud's disease]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[vasculitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amphetamine]], [[cocaine]], [[interleukin 2]], [[serotonin syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|- 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|- 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[hepatic failure|acute hepatic failure]], [[acute pancreatitis]], [[Crohn disease]], [[hepatic failure|fulminant hepatic failure]], [[liver disease]], [[ulcerative colitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[transfusion reaction|Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions]], [[acute myeloid leukemia]], [[acute promyelocytic leukemia]],  [[antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]], [[myeloproliferative syndrome]], [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]], [[purpura fulminans]], [[Trousseau's syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[transplant rejection|Acute renal allograft rejection]], [[Denver shunt]], [[surgery|extensive surgery]], [[LeVeen shunt]], [[liver transplantation]],  [[peritoneovenous shunt]], [[prosthetic devices]], [[serotonin syndrome]], [[surgery]], [[anesthesia|recent anesthesia]], [[ventricular assist devices]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[arenavirus|Arenaviruses]], [[Argentine hemorrhagic fever]], [[aspergillosis]], [[hemorrhagic fever|Bolivian hemorrhagic fever]], [[capnocytophaga canimorsus]], [[CMV]], [[HELLP syndrome]], [[hepatitis|hepatitis viruses]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[malaria|malaria (malignant tertian)]], [[meningococcemia|meningococcal septicaemia]], [[mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[neisseria meningiditis]], [[osteomyelitis]], [[rocky mountain spotted fever]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[sepsis]], [[septic shock]], [[African trypanosomiasis|sleeping sickness (East African)]], [[streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[tuberculosis]], [[typhoid fever]], [[hemorrhagic fever|viral hemorrhagic fevers]], [[VZV]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Osteomyelitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[meningococcemia|meningococcal septicaemia]], [[neisseria meningiditis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abruptio placentae]], [[amniotic fluid embolism]], [[dead fetus syndrome]], [[eclampsia]], [[HELLP syndrome]], [[intrauterine death]], [[pre-eclampsia]], [[retained intrauterine fetal demise]], [[septic abortion]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute myeloid leukemia]], [[acute promyelocytic leukemia]], [[carcinoma|Cancers of lung, pancreas, prostate and stomach]], [[hemangioma|giant hemangioma]], [[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]], [[malignancy]], [[mucin|mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome]], [[Trousseau's syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amphetamine]], [[cocaine]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]], [[empyema]], [[mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[tuberculosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Renal failure]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[transplant rejection|Acute  renal allograft rejection]], [[antiphospholipid  syndrome]], [[interleukin 2]], [[macrophage-activation  syndrome]], [[paraneoplastic  syndrome]], [[Raynaud's disease]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[vasculitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Burns]], [[crush syndrome]], [[head injury]], [[electrical injury|lightning strike]], [[motor vehicle accidents]], [[soft tissue injury|severe tissue injury]], [[trauma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Heat  stroke]], [[hyperthermia]], [[prosthetic devices]], [[snake bite|Snake bite (elapid)]], [[venomous snake|venomous snakes]]
|-
|}

===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Abruptio placentae]]<ref name="pmid10763841">{{cite journal| author=Lurie S, Feinstein M, Mamet Y| title=Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in pregnancy: thorough comprehension of etiology and management reduces obstetricians' stress. | journal=Arch Gynecol Obstet | year= 2000 | volume= 263 | issue= 3 | pages= 126-30 | pmid=10763841 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10763841  }} </ref>
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] 
*[[transfusion reaction|Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions]]
*[[hepatic failure|Acute hepatic failure]] 
*[[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
*[[Acute pancreatitis]]
*[[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]]
*[[transplant rejection|Acute renal allograft rejection]]
*[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]] 
*[[Amniotic fluid embolism]]<ref name="pmid10763841">{{cite journal| author=Lurie S, Feinstein M, Mamet Y| title=Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in pregnancy: thorough comprehension of etiology and management reduces obstetricians' stress. | journal=Arch Gynecol Obstet | year= 2000 | volume= 263 | issue= 3 | pages= 126-30 | pmid=10763841 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10763841  }} </ref>
*[[Amphetamine]]
*[[Antiphospholipid syndrome]]
*[[Aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Arenavirus]]es
*[[hemorrhagic fever|Argentine hemorrhagic fever]] 
*[[Aspergillosis]] 
*[[hemorrhagic fever|Bolivian hemorrhagic fever]]
*[[Burns]]
*[[Capnocytophaga canimorsus]] 
*[[carcinoma|Carcinoma (eg lung, pancreas, prostate and stomach)]]
*[[CMV]]
*[[Cocaine]] 
*[[Crohn disease]] 
*[[Crush syndrome]]
*[[Dead fetus syndrome]]
*[[peritoneovenous shunt|Denver shunt]]
*[[Eclampsia]] 
*[[Empyema]]
*[[surgery|Extensive surgery]]
*[[Fulminant hepatic failure]]
*[[hemangioma|Giant hemangioma]]
*[[Head injury]]
*[[Heat stroke]]
*[[HELLP syndrome]]<ref name="pmid10763841">{{cite journal| author=Lurie S, Feinstein M, Mamet Y| title=Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in pregnancy: thorough comprehension of etiology and management reduces obstetricians' stress. | journal=Arch Gynecol Obstet | year= 2000 | volume= 263 | issue= 3 | pages= 126-30 | pmid=10763841 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10763841  }} </ref>
*[[hepatitis|Hepatitis viruses]]
*[[Histoplasmosis]]
*[[Hyperthermia]]
*[[Interleukin 2]]
*[[Intrauterine death]]
*[[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]]
*[[peritoneovenous shunt|LeVeen shunt]] 
*[[electrical injury|Lightning strike]]
*[[Liver disease]]
*[[Liver transplantation]] 
*[[Macrophage-activation syndrome]] 
{{col-break|width=33%}} 
*[[malaria|Malaria (malignant tertian)]]
*[[Malignancy]]
*[[Malignant hypertension]]
*[[meningococcemia|Meningococcal septicaemia]]
*[[Motor vehicle accidents]]
*[[mucin|Mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma]] 
*[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
*[[Myeloproliferative syndrome]]
*[[Myocardial infarction]] 
*[[Neisseria meningiditis]]
*[[Osteomyelitis]]
*[[Paraneoplastic syndrome]] 
*[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]
*[[Peritoneovenous shunt]]
*[[Pre-eclampsia]] <ref name="pmid10763841">{{cite journal| author=Lurie S, Feinstein M, Mamet Y| title=Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in pregnancy: thorough comprehension of etiology and management reduces obstetricians' stress. | journal=Arch Gynecol Obstet | year= 2000 | volume= 263 | issue= 3 | pages= 126-30 | pmid=10763841 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10763841  }} </ref>
*[[Prosthetic devices]]
*[[Purpura fulminans]] 
*[[Raynaud's disease]] 
*[[anesthesia|Recent anesthesia]] 
*[[Renal failure]]
*[[stillbirth|Retained intrauterine fetal demise]]<ref name="pmid10763841">{{cite journal| author=Lurie S, Feinstein M, Mamet Y| title=Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in pregnancy: thorough comprehension of etiology and management reduces obstetricians' stress. | journal=Arch Gynecol Obstet | year= 2000 | volume= 263 | issue= 3 | pages= 126-30 | pmid=10763841 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10763841  }} </ref>
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Rocky mountain spotted fever]] 
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Sepsis]]
*[[Septic abortion]]
*[[Septic shock]]
*[[Serotonin syndrome]]
*[[soft tissue injury|Severe tissue injury]]
*[[Shock]] 
*[[african trypanosomiasis|Sleeping sickness (East african)]]
*[[snake bite|Snake bite (Elapid)]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
*[[Surgery]]
*[[Trauma]]
*[[Trousseau's syndrome]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Typhoid fever]]
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] 
*[[Vasculitis]]
*[[Venomous snake]]
*[[Ventricular assist devices]]
*[[hemorrhagic fever|Viral hemorrhagic fevers]]
*[[VZV]]
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

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