View source for Hirsutism causes

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{{Hirsutism}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}; {{Ochuko}} {{RHN}}

==Overview==
The cause of hirsutism can be either an increased level of [[androgen]]s (male [[hormone]]s) or an oversensitivity of [[hair follicles]] to androgens, and the most common cause is [[polycystic ovary syndrome]]. Male hormones such as [[testosterone]] stimulate hair growth, increase size and intensify the pigmentation of hair. Other symptoms associated with a high level of male hormones include [[Acne vulgaris|acne]] and deepening of the voice and increased muscle mass. Growing evidence implicates high circulating levels of insulin in women to the development of hirsutism. This theory is consistent with the observation that obese (and thus presumably insulin resistant hyperinsulinemic) women are at high risk of becoming hirsute. Further, treatments that lower insulin levels will lead to a reduction in hirsutism.

==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no known life threatening causes of hirsutism.

===Common Causes===
*[[tumor|Androgen secreting tumors]]
*[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
*[[Cushing's syndrome]]
*[[hirsutism|Idiopathic hirsutism]]
*[[Polycystic ovary syndrome]] <ref name="pmid14764747">{{cite journal |vauthors=Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, Moran C, Lazenby J, Stephens KC, Taylor K, Boots LR |title=Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=453–62 |year=2004 |pmid=14764747 |doi=10.1210/jc.2003-031122 |url=}}</ref>

===Causes by Organ System===

{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | [[Insulin resistance syndrome]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Dermatomyositis]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Aripiprazole]], [[bimatoprost]], [[bupropion]], [[carbamazepine]], [[clonazepam]], [[corticosteroids]], [[cyclosporine]], [[danazol]], [[dantrolene]], [[desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol]], [[dexamethasone]], [[diazoxide]], [[donepezil]], [[estrogens]], [[eszopiclone]], [[ethosuximide]], [[ethotoin]], [[ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol]], [[fluoxetine]], [[fluoxymesterone]], [[gestrinone]], [[pegylated interferon alfa-2a|interferon alfa]], [[isotretinoin]], [[lamotrigine]], [[leuprolide]], [[methyltestosterone]], [[mycophenolate]], [[olanzapine]], [[oxandrolone]], [[oxymetholone]], [[paroxetine]], [[phenytoin]], [[prednisolone]], [[pregabalin]], [[progestin]], [[selegiline]], [[tacrolimus]], [[testosterone]], [[tiagabine]], [[trazodone]], [[valproic acid]], [[vasodilators]], [[venlafaxine]], [[zonisamide]] 
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Acromegaly]], [[adrenal adenoma]], [[adrenal carcinoma]], [[adrenal tumor]], [[arrhenoblastoma]], [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]], [[Cushing syndrome]], [[Cushing's disease]], [[hyperprolactinemia]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[insulin resistance syndrome]], [[luteoma]], [[pituitary tumor]], [[polycystic ovary syndrome]], [[porphyria cutanea tarda]], [[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]], [[testosterone]] 
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[11β-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[21-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[Achard-Thiers syndrome]], [[alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency]], [[Ambras syndrome]], [[Coffin-Siris syndrome]], [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]], [[Cornelia de Lange Syndrome]], [[Hurler syndrome]], [[hypertrichosis lanuginosa]], [[Miller-Dieker syndrome]], [[nodulosis-arthropathy-osteolysis syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]] 
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency]], [[cortisone reductase deficiency]], [[Hurler syndrome]], [[I-cell disease]], [[Porphyria cutanea tarda]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Ovarian cancer]], ovarian hyperthecosis, [[ovarian tumor]], [[polycystic ovary syndrome]], [[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]] 
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Adrenal adenoma]], [[adrenal carcinoma]], [[adrenal tumor]], [[arrhenoblastoma]], [[luteoma]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[ovarian tumor]], [[pituitary tumor]], [[testicular tumor]] 
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Dermatomyositis]], [[insulin resistance syndrome]] 
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[hirsutism|Idiopathic hirsutism]], 
|-
|}

===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
*[[11β-hydroxylase deficiency]]
*[[21-hydroxylase deficiency]]
*[[Achard-Thiers syndrome]]
*[[Acromegaly]]
*[[Adrenal adenoma]]
*[[Adrenal carcinoma]]
*[[Adrenal tumor]]
*[[Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency]]
*[[Ambras syndrome]]
*[[Aripiprazole]]
*[[Arrhenoblastoma]]
*[[Bimatoprost]]
*[[Bupropion]]
*[[Carbamazepine]]
*[[Clonazepam]]
*[[Coffin-Siris syndrome]]
*[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
*[[Cornelia de Lange Syndrome]]
*[[Corticosteroids]]
*[[Cortisone reductase deficiency]]
*[[Cushing syndrome]]
*[[Cushing's disease]]
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Danazol]]
*[[Dantrolene]]
*[[Dermatomyositis]]
*[[Desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol]]
*[[Dexamethasone]]
*[[Diazoxide]]
*[[Donepezil]]
*[[Estrogens]]
*[[Eszopiclone]]
*[[Ethosuximide]]
*[[Ethotoin]]
*[[Ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol]]
*[[Fluoxetine]]
*[[Fluoxymesterone]]
*[[Gestrinone]]
*[[Hurler syndrome]]
*[[Hyperprolactinemia]]
*[[Hypertrichosis lanuginosa]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[I-cell disease]]
*[[hirsutism|Idiopathic hirsutism]]
*[[Pegylated interferon alfa-2a|Interferon alfa]]
*[[Isotretinoin]]
*[[Lamotrigine]]
*[[Leuprolide]]
*[[Luteoma]]
*[[Methyltestosterone]]
*[[Miller-Dieker syndrome]]
*[[Mycophenolate]]
*[[Nodulosis-arthropathy-osteolysis syndrome]]
*[[Olanzapine]]
*[[Ovarian cancer]]
*Ovarian hyperthecosis
*[[Ovarian tumor]]
*[[Oxandrolone]]
*[[Oxymetholone]]
*[[Paroxetine]]
*[[Phenytoin]]
*[[Pituitary tumor]]
*[[Polycystic ovary syndrome]]
*[[Porphyria cutanea tarda]]
*[[Prednisolone]]
*[[Pregabalin]]
*[[Progestin]]
*[[Selegiline]]
*[[Insulin resistance syndrome]]
*[[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]]
*[[Tacrolimus]] 
*[[Testicular tumor]]
*[[Testosterone]]
*[[Tiagabine]]
*[[Trazodone]]
*[[Turner syndrome]]
*[[Valproic acid]]
*[[Vasodilators]]
*[[Venlafaxine]]
*[[Zonisamide]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Integumentary system]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Hair-related diseases]]

{{WH}}
{{WS}}