Patent ductus arteriosus medical therapy in preterm infants
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus Microchapters |
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Differentiating Patent Ductus Arteriosus from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2], Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]
Overview
Prostaglandin E2 plays a key role in maintaining the patency of ductus arteriosus before birth. Thus, prostaglandin E2 inhibitors are used as a therapeutic options to close the patent ductus arteriosus.
Medical Therapy
In term infants the ductus closure occur by 24 hours of birth in 50% of babies, by 48 hours in 90% of babies and by 72 hours in most of them. However, the ductal closure is delayed in preterm infants.
Ductal constriction occurs after birth due to the following reasons
- The increased oxygen tension after birth with the onset of breathing.
- Decreased prostaglandin E2 due to removal of placenta.
- Increased removal of prostaglandin E2 from lung.
Pharmacotherapy
- Prostaglandin E2 has been found to play a key role in maintaining the patency of ductus arterisus (DA) in the fetal life. Thus, the use of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis (e.g, indomethacin and ibuprofen) have been found to be effective in the treatment of PDA. These drugs were also found to be useful in ductus closure if given antenatally. Patients with cases involving the transposition of the great vessels (TGV) may need the ductus arteriosus kept open with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1).
- Steroids like hydrocortisone have been found to decrease the sensitivity of ductus to PGE2. Thus, facilitating ductal constriction.
- Nitric oxide synthesized from endothelial cells have been shown to cause ductus constriction in animal studies.
2008 ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease (DO NOT EDIT)[1]
Recommendations for Medical Therapy (DO NOT EDIT)[1]
| Class I |
| "1. Routine follow-up is recommended for patients with a small PDA without evidence of left-sided heart volume overload. Follow-up is recommended every 3 to 5 years for patients with a small PDA without evidence of left-heart volume overload. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
| Class III |
| "1. Endocarditis prophylaxis is not recommended for those with a repaired PDA without residual shunt. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, Child JS, Connolly HM, Dearani JA; et al. (2008). "ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". J Am Coll Cardiol. 52 (23): e1–121. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.001. PMID 19038677.