Orders of magnitude (energy)
(Redirected from 1 E-21 J)
This list compares various energies in joules (J), organized by order of magnitude.
Less than 10-24
- 3.0×10−31 J, the average kinetic energy of a molecule at the lowest temperature reached as of 2003
10-24
- 1.5×10-23 J, the average kinetic energy of a molecule in the Boomerang Nebula, the coldest place known outside of a laboratory, at a temperature of 1 kelvin
10-21
SI prefix: zepto- (zJ)
- 4.37×10-21 J, the average kinetic energy of a molecule at room temperature
- 1.602×10-19 J ≈ 1 electronvolt (eV)
- 2.7×10-19 J – 5.2×10-19 J, the energy range of photons in visible light
10-18
SI prefix: atto- (aJ)
- 5.0×10-18 J, the upper bound of the mass-energy of a neutrino in particle physics
10-15
SI prefix: femto- (fJ)
- 5.0×10-14 J, the upper bound of the mass-energy of a muon neutrino
- 8.187×10-14 J, the rest mass-energy of an electron
10-12
SI prefix: pico- (pJ)
- 3.2×10-11 J, the average total energy released in the fission of one uranium-235 atom
- 3.5×10-11 J, the average total energy released in the nuclear fission of one plutonium-239 atom
- 1.503×10-10 J, the rest mass-energy of a proton
- 1.505×10-10 J, the rest mass-energy of a neutron
- 3.005×10-10 J, the rest mass-energy of a deuteron
- 5.972×10-10 J, the rest mass-energy of an alpha particle
10-9
SI prefix: nano- (nJ)
- 8×10-9 J, the initial operating energy per beam of the CERN Large Electron Positron Collider in 1983
- 1.3×10-8 J, the mass-energy of a W boson
- 1.5×10-8 J, the mass-energy of a Z boson
- 4.3×10-8 J, the operating energy per beam of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator in 1981
- 1×10-7 J ≡ 1 erg
- 1.6×10-7 J, one TeV (teraelectronvolt), about the kinetic energy of a flying mosquito[1]
10-6
SI prefix: micro- (µJ)
- 2×10-5 J, the energy to pronounce an average syllable of a word[2]
- 3×10-5 J, the energy of one second of moonlight on the human face[2]
- 1.8×10-4 J, the expected collision energy of lead nuclei in the CERN Large Hadron Collider [6]
- 9×10-4 J, the energy of a cricket's chirp or a bee's wingbeat[2][dubious ]
10-3
SI prefix: milli- (mJ)
10-2
SI prefix: centi- (cJ)
10-1
SI prefix: deci- (dJ)
- 1×10-1 J, the energy of a half-dollar falling 1 metre or of a typewriter key press[2]
100
1 J in everyday life is approximately:
- the energy required to lift a small apple (102 grams) one meter against Earth's gravity
- the amount of energy that a quiet person produces as heat, every hundredth of a second
- the energy required to heat one gram of dry, cool air by 1 degree Celsius
- 1 J ≡ 1 N·m (newton-metre)
- 1 J ≡ 1 W·s (watt-second)
- 1.356 J ≈ 1 ft·lbf (foot-pound force)
- 4.184 J ≡ 1 thermochemical calorie (small calorie)
- 4.1868 J ≡ 1 International Table calorie (small calorie)
- 8 J, the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin theoretical upper limit for the energy of a cosmic ray
- 9.472 J = Most disposable camera flashes use approximately this amount of energy per flash.
101
SI prefix: deca- (daJ)
- 5×101 J, the most energetic cosmic ray ever detected, in 1991
- 8×101 J, the kinetic energy of an average person swinging a baseball bat
102
SI prefix: hecto- (hJ)
- 6×102 J, the use of a 10-watt flashlight for one minute[2]
- 7.457×102 J, a power of one horsepower applied for one second
- 9×102 J, the energy of a lethal dose of X-rays[2]
103
SI prefix: kilo- (kJ)
- 1×103 J, the energy stored in a typical photography studio strobe light
- 1.05×103 J ≈ 1 British thermal unit (BTU), depending on the temperature
- 1.2×3 J, the energy in shooting an elephant gun, or in striking a match[2]
- 1.366×103 J, the total solar radiation received from the Sun by one square meter of the Earth's surface per second (this is the solar constant[7])
- 1.42×103 J, the kinetic energy of a 3.5 g (grams) AK-74 bullet fired at 900 m/s (metres per second)[3]
- 3.28×103 J, the kinetic energy of a 9.33 g NATO rifle cartridge fired at 838 m/s[3]
- 3.600×103 J ≡ 1 W·h (watt-hour)
- 4.184×103 J, the energy released by explosion of one gram of TNT
- 4.186×103 J ≡ 1 food Calorie (large calorie)
- 1.7×104 J, the energy released by the metabolism of one gram of sugar or protein
- 3.8×104 J, the energy released by the metabolism of one gram of fat
- 5.0×104 J, the energy released by the combustion of one gram of gasoline
- 2×105 J—9×105 J, the average kinetic energy of an automobile at highway speeds
- 9×105 J, the energy of accelerating a 4-ton truck to highway speeds[2]
106
SI prefix: mega- (MJ)
- 1×106 J, approximately the nutritional value of a snack such as a Mars bar
- 6.3×106 J, the recommended nutritional intake per day for a woman not doing heavy labour
- 8.4×106 J, the recommended nutritional intake for a man
- 1×107 J, the energy of a day's worth of heavy labour[2]
- 1.05×108 J ≈ 1 therm, depending on the temperature
109
SI prefix: giga- (GJ)
- 1.5×109 J, the energy in an average lightning bolt
- 1.95627185×109 J, Planck energy, the unit of energy in Planck units[4]
- 3.2×109 J, the approximate annual power usage of a standard clothes dryer
- 6.12×109 J ≈ 1 bboe (barrel of oil equivalent)[5]
- 4.19×1010 J ≈ 1 toe (ton of oil equivalent)[5]
- 5×1010 J, the yield energy of a MOAB (Massive Ordnance Air Blast) bomb, the second most powerful non-nuclear weapon ever designed (after the Russian Father of All Bombs)
- 7.2×1010 J, the energy consumed by the average U.S. automobile in the year 2000
- 8.64×1010 J ≈ 1 MW·d (megawatt-day), used in the context of power plants
- 9×1011 J, the energy of an Atlas rocket blasting off[2]
1012
SI prefix: tera- (TJ)
- 3.6×1013 J, released by an average thunderstorm
- 6.3×1013 J, the approximate yield of the Little Boy atomic bomb detonated over Hiroshima, Japan at the end of World War II (see the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki)[8]
- 8.78×1013 J, the yield of the Fat Man atomic bomb detonated over Nagasaki, Japan at the end of World War II[9]
- 9.0×1013 J, the theoretical total mass-energy of one gram of matter
- 6×1014 J, the energy released by an average hurricane in one second
1015
SI prefix: peta- (PJ)
- 2.07×1015 J, the yearly electricity production in Togo, Africa as of 2005[6]
- 4.184×1015 J, the amount of energy in 1 megaton of TNT
- 1.0×1016 J, the estimated impact energy released in forming Meteor Crater
- 4.42×1016 J, the yearly electricity consumption in Zimbabwe as of 2005[6]
- 8.988×1016 J, the amount of energy in 1 kilogram of antimatter
- 1.74×1017 J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each second[7]
- 2.1×1017 J, the yield of the Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear weapon ever tested
- 4.10×1017 J, the yearly electricity consumption of Norway as of 2005[6]
- 4.184×1017 J, 100 megatons, a potential nuclear weapon yield[2]
- 8.4×1017 J, the estimated energy released by the eruption of the Indonesian volcano, Krakatoa, in 1883[8]
1018
SI prefix: exa- (EJ)
- 2×1018 J, 475 megatons, the energy released by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake [9]
- 1.37×1019 J, the yearly electricity consumption in the U.S. as of 2005[6]
- 1.46×1019J, the yearly electricity production in the U.S. as of 2005[10]
- 5.2×1019 J, the daily energy released by an average hurricane producing rain (400 times greater than the wind energy).[11]
- 5.67×1019 J, the yearly electricity consumption of the world as of 2005[6]
- 6.25*1019 J, the yearly electricity generation of the world as of 2005[12]
- 8.01*1020 J, Estimated global uranium resources for generating electricity 2005.[13][14][15][16]
1021
SI prefix: zetta- (ZJ)
- 6.5×1021 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's natural gas reserves as of 2006[17]
- 7.4×1021 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's petroleum reserves as of 2003
- 1.5×1022J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each day[7]
- 2.1×1022 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's coal reserves as of 2005[18]
- 2.9×1022 J, identified global Uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology.[13]
- 3.9×1022 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's fossil fuel reserves as of 2003
- 2.2×1023 J, total global Uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology.[13]
- 5.0×1023 J, the approximate energy released in the formation of the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatán Peninsula[10]
1024 and above
SI prefix: yotta- (YJ)
- 5.5×1024 J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each year[7]
- 3.86×1026 J, the total energy output of the Sun each second[19]
- 3.34×1031 J, the total energy output of the Sun each day[19]
- 2.4×1032 J, the gravitational binding energy of the Earth[20]
- 2.7×1033 J, the Earth's kinetic energy in its orbit[11][3]
- 1.22×1034 J, the total energy output of the Sun each year[19]
- 5.37×1041 J, the theoretical total mass-energy of the Earth
- 6.9×1041 J, the gravitational binding energy of the Sun[20]
- 1.2×1044 J, the estimated energy released in a supernova[21]
- 1×1046 J, the estimated energy released in a hypernova
- 1×1047 J, the energy released in an intense gamma ray burst
- 1.8×1047 J, the theoretical total mass-energy of the Sun
- 4×1058 J, the visible mass-energy in our galaxy, the Milky Way
- 1×1059 J, the total mass-energy of the galaxy, including dark matter and dark energy
- 4×1069 J, the estimated total mass-energy of the observable universe[12]
SI multiples
Notes
- ↑ http://public.web.cern.ch/Public/en/Science/Glossary-en.php
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Wallechinsky, David; Wallace, Irving; Wallace, Amy (1977 (1st Bantam ed., February 1978)). The Book of Lists. Bantam Books. pp. 268–271. ISBN 0553111507. Check date values in:
|year=(help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 <math>KE = \tfrac{1}{2}mv^2</math>
- ↑ <math>E_p = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{G}}</math>
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Energy Units, by Arthur Smith, 21 January, 2005
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table62.xls from the Energy Information Administration [1]
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 The Earth has a cross section of 1.274×1014 square meters and the solar constant is 1366 watts per square meter.
- ↑ Krakatoa#Legacy of the 1883 eruption
- ↑ "FAQ". usgs.gov. 2006-09-19.
- ↑ http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table63.xls from the Energy Information Administration [2]
- ↑ FAQ : HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES noaa.gov
- ↑ [3]U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Generation
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Global Uranium Resource
- ↑ U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Generation
- ↑ U.S. EIA International Energy Outlook 2007.
- ↑ Final number is computed. Energy Outlook 2007 shows 15.9% of world energy is nuclear. IAEA estimates conventional uranium stock, at today's prices is sufficient for 85 years. Convert billion KW hours to joules then: 6.25*10^19 x .159 x 85 = 8.01*10^20
- ↑ http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/reserves.xls from the Energy Information Administration [4]
- ↑ http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iea2003/table82.xls from the Energy Information Administration [5]
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 The Sun at http://www.nineplanets.org
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 <math>U = \frac{(3/5)GM^2}{r}</math>
Chandrasekhar, S. 1939, An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure (Chicago: U. of Chicago; reprinted in New York: Dover), section 9, eqs. 90-92, p. 51 (Dover edition)
Lang, K. R. 1980, Astrophysical Formulae (Berlin: Springer Verlag), p. 272 - ↑ Khokhlov, A.; Mueller, E.; Hoeflich, P. (1993). "Light curves of Type IA supernova models with different explosion mechanisms". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 270 (1–2): 223–248. Retrieved 2007-07-10.