Matrix gla protein

2016-07-10T20:17:26Z

2602:306:C5E9:5DB0:8019:48B8:BEF2:AFC6: Changed "vitamin K" to "vitamin K2"

{{Infobox_gene}}

'''Matrix gla protein''' (MGP) is member of a family of [[Vitamin K2|vitamin-K2]] dependent, [[Gla domain|Gla]]-containing [[proteins]]. MGP has a high [[Chemical affinity|affinity]] binding to [[calcium]] [[ions]], similar to other Gla-containing proteins. The protein acts as an inhibitor of [[vascular]] [[Mineralization (biology)|mineralization]] and plays a role in bone organization.<ref name="pmid23852538">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yao Y, Jumabay M, Ly A, Radparvar M, Cubberly MR, Boström KI | title = A role for the endothelium in vascular calcification | journal = Circ. Res. | volume = 113 | issue = 5 | pages = 495–504 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23852538 | pmc = 3851028 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301792 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9052783">{{cite journal |vauthors=Luo G, Ducy P, McKee MD, Pinero GJ, Loyer E, Behringer RR, Karsenty G | title = Spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking matrix GLA protein | journal = Nature | volume = 386 | issue = 6620 | pages = 78–81 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9052783 | doi = 10.1038/386078a0 | url = }}</ref>

MGP is found in number body [[Tissue (biology)|tissues]] in mammals, birds, and fish. Its [[mRNA]] is present in bone, cartilage, heart, and kidney.<ref name="pmid12667547">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pinto JP, Conceição N, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML | title = Matrix Gla protein gene expression and protein accumulation colocalize with cartilage distribution during development of the teleost fish Sparus aurata | journal = Bone | volume = 32 | issue = 3 | pages = 201–10 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12667547 | doi = 10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00981-X }}</ref>

It is present in [[bone]] together with the related vitamin K2-dependent protein [[osteocalcin]]. In bone, its production is increased by [[vitamin D]].

== Genetics ==
The ''MGP'' was linked to the short arm of [[Chromosome 12 (human)|chromosome 12]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Cancela L, Hsieh CL, Francke U, Price PA | title = Molecular structure, chromosome assignment, and promoter organization of the human matrix Gla protein gene | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 265 | issue = 25 | pages = 15040–8 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2394711 | url = http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/265/25/15040 }}</ref> Its mRNA sequence length is 585 bases long in humans.<ref name="urlwww.ebi.ac.uk">{{cite web | url = http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/M58549 | title = Sequence: M58549.1 : Human matrix Gla protein (MGP) mRNA, complete cds. | format = | work = European Nucleotide Archive | publisher = European Bioinformatics Institute }}</ref>

== Physiology ==
MGP and osteocalcin are both calcium-binding proteins that may participate in the organisation of bone tissue. Both have [[glutamate]] residues that are [[post-translational modification|post-translationally]] [[carboxylation|carboxylated]] by the enzyme [[gamma-glutamyl carboxylase]] in a reaction that requires [[vitamin K|Vitamin K hydroquinone]].

This process also occurs with a number of proteins involved in [[coagulation]]: [[prothrombin]], [[factor VII]], [[factor IX]] and [[factor X]], [[protein C]], [[protein S]] and [[protein Z]].

== Role in disease ==
Abnormalities in the ''MGP'' gene have been linked with [[Keutel syndrome]], a rare condition characterised by abnormal calcium deposition in [[cartilage]], [[peripheral]] [[stenosis]] of the [[pulmonary artery]], and midfacial [[hypoplasia]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Munroe PB, Olgunturk RO, Fryns JP, Van Maldergem L, Ziereisen F, Yuksel B, Gardiner RM, Chung E | title = Mutations in the gene encoding the human matrix Gla protein cause Keutel syndrome | journal = Nat. Genet. | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 142–4 | year = 1999 | pmid = 9916809 | doi = 10.1038/5102 }}</ref>

Mice that lack ''MGP'' develop to term but die within two months as a result of [[arterial]] calcification which leads to blood-vessel rupture.<ref name="pmid9052783" />

== References ==
{{Reflist|35em}}

== External links ==
* {{MeshName|matrix+Gla+protein}}

{{Fibrous proteins}}

[[Category:Proteins]]
[[Category:Genes on human chromosome 12]]
[[Category:Human proteins]]

{{gene-12-stub}}

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Matrix gla protein