Western equine encephalitis

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Western equine encephalitis

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Synonyms and Related Keywords: Mosquito-borne

Epidemiology and Demographics

639 confirmed cases in the U.S. since 1964.

Risk Factors

  • Epidemic disease that is difficult to predict
  • Residents of endemic areas and visitors
  • Persons with outdoor work and recreational activities
  • Risk exposure increases as population expands into endemic areas
  • Unknown overwintering cycle

Pathophysiology & Etiology

Western equine encephalitis virus, member of the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. Closely related to eastern and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses.

History and Symptoms

Symptoms range from mild flu-like illness to frank encephalitis, coma and death.

Other Diagnostic Studies

Risk Stratification and Prognosis

Treatment

  • No licensed vaccine for human use
  • No effective therapeutic drug

Primary Prevention

  • Control measures expensive
  • Limited financial support of surveillance and prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

  • Total case costs range from $21,000 for transiently infected individuals to $3 million for severely infected individuals
  • Insecticide applications can cost as much as $1.4 million depending on the size of area treated

Suggested Reading and Key General References


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