WBR0608: Difference between revisions

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|MainCategory=Immunology, Microbiology
|MainCategory=Immunology, Microbiology
|SubCategory=General Principles
|SubCategory=General Principles
|Prompt=A young boy is brought by his mother to the physician's office for a scheduled vaccination. The boy has no complaints, and physical examination is unremarkable. Prior to the administration of the vaccine, the mother asks the physician if the vaccine is associated with any serious adverse reactions. The physician explains that the child may experience a self-resolving low-grade fever or rash within the 7 to 21 days following administration of the vaccine. Which of the following vaccines is the child most likely receiving during his check-up?
|Prompt=A young boy is brought by his mother to the physician's office for a scheduled vaccination. The boy has no complaints, and physical examination is unremarkable. Prior to the administration of the vaccine, the mother asks the physician if the vaccine is associated with any serious adverse reactions. The physician explains that the vaccine the child is about to receive is generally safe, but there is a very rare risk of inducing an actual disease. Which of the following vaccines is the child most likely receiving during his check-up?
Which of the following is an inactivated/killed vaccine?
|Explanation=Vaccines may be categorized as follows:<br>
*Live attenuated vaccine: Weakened but live miro-organism 


A vaccine is a biological preparation that establishes immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a pathogen and is often made from an inactivated or killed form of the microorganism, its toxins, or surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that in the future, when the pathogen enters the body the immune response is expedited.
|Explanation=The patient in this vignette is most likely being administered a live attenuated vaccine. Vaccines may be classified according to the table shown below. Only live attenuated vaccines contain real-life weakened bacterial or viral agents that have a rare potential to revert and induce actual disease. On the other hand, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, and toxoids either contain killed agents or components of agents and may not revert to cause actual disease. Examples of live attenuated vaccines include BCG (tuberculosis vaccine), oral polio vaccine (OPV, Sabin), intranasal influenza vaccine, and vaccines against smallpox, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), varicella (chickenpox), zoster (shingles), Salmonella typhi, yellow fever, and rotavirus
<br>


There are four major types of vaccines:
[[Image:Vaccines Table Type Examples Mechanism.jpg|1000px]]
 
|AnswerA=Hepatitis A vaccine
[[File:WBR Question 0608.JPG]]
|AnswerAExp=Hepatitis A vaccine is an inactivated vaccine.
|AnswerA=Oral polio vaccine (OPV)
|AnswerB=Oral polio vaccine
|AnswerAExp=This is a live, attenuated vaccine.
|AnswerBExp=Oral polio vaccine (Sabin) is a live attenuated vaccine
|AnswerB=Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
|AnswerBExp=This is a live, attenuated vaccine.
|AnswerC=Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine
|AnswerC=Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine
|AnswerCExp=This is an example of a toxoid or inactivated toxin.
|AnswerCExp=Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) is a toxoid vaccine
|AnswerD=Human papillomavirus (HPV)
|AnswerD=Human papillomavirus (HPV)
|AnswerDExp=This belongs to the group subunit/conjugate type i.e., they are prepared using a protein subunit of the microorganism or using a poorly immunogenic polysaccharide capsule.
|AnswerDExp=HPV vaccine is a recombinant vaccine.
|AnswerE=Hepatitis A vaccine
|AnswerE=Acellular pertussis
|AnswerEExp=This is an example of an inactivated or heat killed vaccine.
|AnswerEExp=Acellular pertussis vaccine is a subunit vaccine.
|EducationalObjectives=Examples of live attenuated vaccines include smallpox, yellow fever, chickenpox, Sabin polio virus, MMR, and Influenza (intranasal).  Examples of killed vaccines include Rabies, influenza (injected), Salk Polio, and HAV vaccines.
|EducationalObjectives=Vaccines may be classified according to the table shown below. Only live attenuated vaccines contain real-life weakened bacterial or viral agents that have a rare potential to revert and induce actual disease. Examples include BCG (tuberculosis vaccine), oral polio vaccine (OPV, Sabin), intranasal influenza vaccine, and vaccines against smallpox, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), varicella (chickenpox), zoster (shingles), Salmonella typhi, yellow fever, and rotavirus.
|References=First Aid 2014 page 156
 
|RightAnswer=E
|References=First Aid 2014 page 207
|WBRKeyword=Live vaccines, killed vaccines
|RightAnswer=B
|Approved=No
|WBRKeyword=Live attenuated vaccine, Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis A vaccine, Check-up, Vaccine, Vaccination
|Approved=Yes
}}
}}

Revision as of 22:32, 5 March 2015
Author [[PageAuthor::Yazan Daaboul, M.D. (Reviewed by Yazan Daaboul, M.D. and Alison Leibowitz [1])]]
Exam Type ExamType::USMLE Step 1
Main Category MainCategory::Immunology, MainCategory::Microbiology
Sub Category SubCategory::General Principles
Prompt [[Prompt::A young boy is brought by his mother to the physician's office for a scheduled vaccination. The boy has no complaints, and physical examination is unremarkable. Prior to the administration of the vaccine, the mother asks the physician if the vaccine is associated with any serious adverse reactions. The physician explains that the vaccine the child is about to receive is generally safe, but there is a very rare risk of inducing an actual disease. Which of the following vaccines is the child most likely receiving during his check-up?]]
Answer A AnswerA::Hepatitis A vaccine
Answer A Explanation AnswerAExp::Hepatitis A vaccine is an inactivated vaccine.
Answer B AnswerB::Oral polio vaccine
Answer B Explanation AnswerBExp::Oral polio vaccine (Sabin) is a live attenuated vaccine
Answer C AnswerC::Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine
Answer C Explanation AnswerCExp::Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) is a toxoid vaccine
Answer D AnswerD::Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Answer D Explanation AnswerDExp::HPV vaccine is a recombinant vaccine.
Answer E AnswerE::Acellular pertussis
Answer E Explanation AnswerEExp::Acellular pertussis vaccine is a subunit vaccine.
Right Answer RightAnswer::B
Explanation [[Explanation::The patient in this vignette is most likely being administered a live attenuated vaccine. Vaccines may be classified according to the table shown below. Only live attenuated vaccines contain real-life weakened bacterial or viral agents that have a rare potential to revert and induce actual disease. On the other hand, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, and toxoids either contain killed agents or components of agents and may not revert to cause actual disease. Examples of live attenuated vaccines include BCG (tuberculosis vaccine), oral polio vaccine (OPV, Sabin), intranasal influenza vaccine, and vaccines against smallpox, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), varicella (chickenpox), zoster (shingles), Salmonella typhi, yellow fever, and rotavirus



Educational Objective: Vaccines may be classified according to the table shown below. Only live attenuated vaccines contain real-life weakened bacterial or viral agents that have a rare potential to revert and induce actual disease. Examples include BCG (tuberculosis vaccine), oral polio vaccine (OPV, Sabin), intranasal influenza vaccine, and vaccines against smallpox, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), varicella (chickenpox), zoster (shingles), Salmonella typhi, yellow fever, and rotavirus.
References: First Aid 2014 page 207]]

Approved Approved::Yes
Keyword WBRKeyword::Live attenuated vaccine, WBRKeyword::Hepatitis A virus, WBRKeyword::Hepatitis A vaccine, WBRKeyword::Check-up, WBRKeyword::Vaccine, WBRKeyword::Vaccination
Linked Question Linked::
Order in Linked Questions LinkedOrder::
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