Vitiligo risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]
Overview
Autoimmune diseases and a family history of vitiligo are considered risk factors for developing this condition. A patient that has a relative with vitiligo has an increased risk of developing the disease and having an earlier onset.
Risk Factors
Autoimmune Disorders
Vitiligo is more prevalent in patients with certain autoimmune disorders, such as Addison's disease, hyperthyroidism, alopecia areata and pernicious anemia.[1][2][3] The exact mechanism is still unknown, but there is an association between them. However, the majority of patients with vitiligo does not have any autoimmune disorder.
Family History
There is an increased risk for developing vitiligo in patients with close relatives that suffer from this condition. The frequency of vitiligo in patients with a positive family history is up to 18 times more than someone with a negative family history. These patients also have an earlier onset of the disease. [4] [5]
References
- ↑ Shahla Babaee Nejad, Hamideh Herizchi Qadim, Leila Nazeman, Roohollah Fadaii & Mohamad Goldust (2013). "Frequency of autoimmune diseases in those suffering from vitiligo in comparison with normal population". Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS. 16 (12): 570–574. PMID 24494526. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Daniel Holthausen Nunes & Ligia Maria Hademann Esser (2011). "Vitiligo epidemiological profile and the association with thyroid disease". Anais brasileiros de dermatologia. 86 (2): 241–248. PMID 21603806. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kirsty J. MacLean & Michael J. Tidman (2013). "Alopecia areata: more than skin deep". The Practitioner. 257 (1764): 29–32. PMID 24383154. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Asem Alkhateeb, Pamela R. Fain, Anthony Thody, Dorothy C. Bennett & Richard A. Spritz (2003). "Epidemiology of vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases in Caucasian probands and their families". Pigment cell research / sponsored by the European Society for Pigment Cell Research and the International Pigment Cell Society. 16 (3): 208–214. PMID 12753387. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Greggory Laberge, Christina M. Mailloux, Katherine Gowan, Paulene Holland, Dorothy C. Bennett, Pamela R. Fain & Richard A. Spritz (2005). "Early disease onset and increased risk of other autoimmune diseases in familial generalized vitiligo". Pigment cell research / sponsored by the European Society for Pigment Cell Research and the International Pigment Cell Society. 18 (4): 300–305. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2005.00242.x. PMID 16029422. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)