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| ==Differentiating Vertigo from Other Diseases== | | ==Differentiating Vertigo from Other Diseases== |
| *Vertigo is a type of dizziness therefore it must be differentiated from other diseases that causes imbalance, [[dizziness]], and [[lightheadedness]].<ref name="pmid16445269">{{cite journal| author=Labuguen RH| title=Initial evaluation of vertigo. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2006 | volume= 73 | issue= 2 | pages= 244-51 | pmid=16445269 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16445269 }} </ref> | | *Vertigo is a type of dizziness therefore it must be differentiated from other diseases that causes imbalance, [[dizziness]], and [[lightheadedness]].<ref name="pmid16445269">{{cite journal| author=Labuguen RH| title=Initial evaluation of vertigo. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2006 | volume= 73 | issue= 2 | pages= 244-51 | pmid=16445269 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16445269 }} </ref> |
| | | *Many disease cause vertigo as a symptom, following diseases must be investigated as a differential diagnosis for vertigo symptom: |
| | | *[[Acute]] anemia |
| ===Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo===
| | *[[Anxiety]] disorders |
| [[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]] (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disorder<ref name="Brevern"/> and occurs when loose [[calcium carbonate]] debris has broken off of the otoconial membrane and enters a semicircular canal thereby creating the sensation of motion. Patients with BPPV may experience brief periods of vertigo, usually under a minute, which occur with change in position.<ref name="Benign">{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001420.htm |title=Benign positional vertigo |author=MedlinePlus |year=2011 |work= |publisher=U.S. National Institutes of Health |accessdate=2 January 2013}}</ref> It is the most common process of vertigo. It occurs in 0.6% of the population yearly with 10% having an attack during their lifetime. It is believed to be due to a mechanical malfunction of the inner ear. BPPV may be diagnosed with the [[Dix-Hallpike test]] and can be effectively treated with repositioning movements such as the [[Epley maneuver]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://apps.elsevier.es/watermark/ctl_servlet?_f=10&pident_articulo=13153812&pident_usuario=0&pcontactid=&pident_revista=495&ty=150&accion=L&origen=elsevier&web=www.elsevier.es&lan=en&fichero=295v25n05a13153812pdf001_2.pdf| last1= Prim-Espada|first1=MP|last2=De Diego-Sastre|first2=JI|last3=Perez-Fernandez|first3=E| title=[Meta-analysis on the efficacy of Epley's manoeuvre in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo].| journal= Neurologia |volume= 25 |issue=5 |pages=295–299|year= 2010 |month=June|pmid=20643039}}</ref> | | *[[Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo]] |
| | | *Brain [[tumors]] |
| ===Vestibular Migraine===
| | *Chronic [[anemia]] |
| [[Vestibular migraine]] is the association of vertigo and [[migraine]]s and is one of the most common causes of recurrent, spontaneous episodes of vertigo.<ref name="Brevern"/> The etiology of vestibular migraines is currently unclear;<ref name="Brevern">{{cite journal|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22348934| last1=von Brevern|first1=M|last2=Neuhauser|first2=H| title=Epidemiological evidence for a link between vertigo and migraine.| journal= Journal of vestibular research: equilibrium & orientation |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=299–304|year= 2011 |month=|pmid=22348934|doi=10.3233/VES-2011-0423}}</ref> however, one hypothesized cause is that the stimulation of the [[trigeminal nerve]] leads to nystagmus in individuals suffering from migraines. Other suggested causes of vestibular migraines include: unilateral neuronal instability of the vestibular nerve, idiopathic asymmetric activation of the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem, and [[vasospasm]] of the blood vessels supplying the labyrinth or central vestibular pathways resulting in [[ischemia]] to these structures. Vestibular migraines are estimated to affect 1-3% of the general population and may affect 10% of migraine patients. Additionally, vestibular migraines tend to occur more often in women than in men and rarely affect individuals after the sixth decade of life.<ref name="Brevern"/> | | *[[Giant cell arteritis]] |
| | | *Herpes zoster oticus ([[Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome]] |
| ===Ménière's Disease===
| | *[[Labyrinthitis]] |
| [[Ménière's disease]] is a vestibular disorder of unknown origin, but is thought to be caused by an increase in the amount of [[Endolymph|endolymphatic fluid]] present in the inner ear (endolymphatic hydrops). However, this idea has not been directly confirmed with [[Histopathology|histopathologic]] studies but [[Electrophysiology study|electrophysiologic studies]] have been suggestive of this mechanism. Ménière's disease frequently presents with recurrent, spontaneous attacks of severe vertigo in combination with ringing in the ears ([[tinnitus]]), a feeling of pressure or fullness in the ear (aural fullness), severe nausea or vomiting, imbalance, and hearing loss. As the disease worsens, hearing loss will progress. | | *[[Mastoiditis]] |
| | | *[[Ménière disease]] |
| ===Vestibular Neuritis===
| | *[[Meningitis]] |
| [[Vestibular neuritis]] presents with severe vertigo with associated nausea, vomiting, and generalized imbalance and is believed to be caused by a viral infection of the inner ear though several theories have been put forward and the etiology remains uncertain.<ref name="Neuritis">{{cite journal|url=| last1=Goddard |first1=JC|last2=Fayad|first2=JN| title=Vestibular Neuritis| journal=Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=361–365|year=2011 |month=|pmid=|doi=10.1016/j.otc.2011.01.007}}</ref> Individuals with vestibular neuritis do not typically have auditory symptoms but may experience a sensation of aural fullness or tinnitus.<ref name="Neuritis"/> Persisting balance problems may remain in 30% of people affected. | | *[[Migraine]] [[headache]] |
| | *[[Multiple sclerosis]] |
| | *Stroke |
| | *[[Vertebrobasilar atherothrombotic disease]] |
| | *[[Vestibular neuronitis]] |
| | *[[Wernicke encephalopathy]] |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |