Vertigo causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hilda Mahmoudi M.D., M.P.H.^[2]; Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [3] Kiran Singh, M.D. [4]

Overview

Life threatening causes of vertigo include brainstem stroke, drug overdose, and malignant hypertension. Other common causes of vertigo include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's disease, and vestibular migraine.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

• Brainstem stroke
• Cyanide poisoning
• Drug overdose
• Malignant hypertension

Common Causes

• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• Cerebellar stroke
• Meniere's disease
• Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack
• Vestibular migraine
• Vestibular neuritis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Abdominal aortic aneurysm, coronary heart disease, hypertension, malignant hypertension, Sinus bradycardia ,superior vena cava syndrome, Takayasu arteritis, vasovagal syncope
Chemical / poisoning	Amanita muscaria, arsine, bromide, chloralose, chlorinated naphthalene, chloromethane, Corn lily poisoning, cyanide, cycad nut poisoning, ethylbenzene, gasoline, ibotenic acid, multiple chemical sensitivity, nitrogen narcosis, pfiesteria poisoning, phosphine, snakebites, tobacco smoking, xylene
Dermatologic	Glomus tumor, Lyme disease, neurofibromatosis
Drug Side Effect	3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate, 4-HO-MPT, ACE inhibitors, albendazole, ambenonium, amikacin, aminoglycosides, anti-obesity drug, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antiretroviral drug, atenolol, aztreonam, biperiden, bromocriptine, buspirone, cabergoline, capreomycin sulfate, cidofovir, cortisone, clomifene, clozapine, dapsone, daptomycin, desmopressin, dexamethasone, diflunisal, disulfiram, dolutegravir, dolasetron mesylate, efavirenz, eflornithine, eslicarbazepine acetate, ethacrynic Acid, etravirine, ezogabine, febuxostat, flucytosine, fulvestrant, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, galantamine hydrobromide, gentamicin, gabapentin enacarbil, histamine agonist, hydroxychloroquine, hydrochlorothiazide, ibotenic acid, imipenem-cilastatin, indomethacin, isosorbide mononitrate, isoproterenol (aerosol), ivermectin, kanamycin, ketorolac, leflunomide, leuprolide, lincomycin hydrochloride, loop diuretic, loprazolam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, malaria prophylaxis, methimazole, methocarbamol, methylprednisolone, minocycline hydrochloride, moclobemide, modafinil, meprobamate, monomethylhydrazine, nabilone, nabumetone, netilmicin, nialamide, nitrazepam, oprelvekin, oxaprozin, oxazepam, papaverineparoxetine, pergolide, prednisone, primidone, pentamidine Isethionate, pergolide, perphenazine, pomalidomide, praziquantel, primidone, rifaximin, riluzole, rizatriptan, ropinirole, sedatives, Sertraline, SSRI discontinuation syndrome, streptomycin, sulindac, sultiame, Sumatriptan, tamsulosin, temazepam, trazodone, tuberculosis treatment, valaciclovir, venlafaxine, vigabatrin, viloxazine, vortioxetine, zimelidine, zonisamide, zolmitriptan
Ear Nose Throat	Acoustic neuroma, balance disorder, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy,catarrh, cholesteatoma, cogan syndrome, ear wax, endolymphatic sac tumor, ependymoma, facial nerve paralysis, glomus tumor, herpes zoster oticus, labyrinthitis, labyrinth infarction, labyrinthine concussion, mastoiditis, Meniere's disease, middle ear infection, nasal congestion, osteoma of the external ear canal, otitis externaotitis media, otosclerosis, ototoxicity, perforated tympanic membrane, perilymph fistula, recurrent vestibulopathy, Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome, sensorineural hearing loss, superior canal dehiscence syndrome, superior vena cava syndrome, vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial, vestibulocochlear nerve diseases, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Microwave auditory effect, noise health effects, sound pressure
Gastroenterologic	Visceroptosis
Genetic	Episodic ataxia, Fabry's disease, neurofibromatosis, sensorineural hearing loss, vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial
Hematologic	Anemia, Osler-Vaquez disease, polycythemia rubra, superior vena cava syndrome
Iatrogenic	SSRI discontinuation syndrome
Infectious Disease	Bacterial infection, common cold, mastoiditis, herpes zoster oticus, influenza, intracranial infection, labyrinthitis, lyme disease, otitis externa, otitis media, syphillis, viral infection
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Acoustic neuroma, airsickness, arachnoid cyst, Arnold-Chiari malformation, astrocytoma, balance disorder, Barre-Lieou syndrome, basilar artery insufficiency syndrome, basilar artery migraine, brain ischemia, brain tumor, brain zaps, brainstem infarction, brainstem stroke, Bruns' syndrome, cerebellar hemorrhage, cerebellar hypoplasia, cerebellar infarction, cerebral aneurysm, cerebral shunt, cerebrovascular accident, chronic fatigue syndrome, colloid cyst, decompression sickness, deep water blackout, encephalitis, ependymoma, episodic ataxia, facial nerve paralysis, head injury, herpes zoster oticus, hydrocephalus, hypertensive encephalopathy, inferior cerebellar bleeding, intracranial infection, lateral medullary syndrome, medulloblastoma, meningioma, migraine, motion sickness, multiple sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, non-epileptic seizure, oculogyric crisis, opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, peripheral neuritis, posterior fossa tumors, Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, sea-sickness, sensorineural hearing loss, seizures, skull fractures, spinal cord disorders, spinocerebellar ataxia, stroke, subclavian steal syndrome, Susac syndrome, syringobulbia, taravana, Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, transient ischemic attack, vasovagal syncope, vertebral artery dissection, vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack, vertiginous epilepsy, vestibular migraine, vestibular neuronitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Wallenberg's syndrome, Westphal-leyden ataxia
Nutritional / Metabolic	Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency, Fabry's disease, hypervitaminoses A and D
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Hyperemesis gravidarum, morning sickness
Oncologic	Acoustic neuroma, astrocytoma, brain tumor, ependymoma, glomus tumor, medulloblastoma, meningioma, neurofibromatosis, Osler-Vaquez disease, osteoma of the external ear canal, polycythemia rubra, posterior fossa tumors
Opthalmologic	Cogan syndrome, oculogyric crisis
Overdose / Toxicity	Alcohol overdose, cinchonism, darvocet overdose, drug overdose, hypervitaminoses A and D
Psychiatric	Chronic fatigue syndrome, panic attack
Pulmonary	Barotrauma, common cold
Renal / Electrolyte	Chronic renal failure, hypomagnesemia primary, metabolic acidosis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Chronic fatigue syndrome, food allergy, multiple sclerosis, Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, Susac syndrome, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Sexual	Syphillis
Trauma	Head injury, labyrinthine concussion, skull fractures, whiplash injuries
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Hellebore, peppermint oil, sassafras oil, systemic capillary leak syndrome, Tsetse fly

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
• 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate
• 4-HO-MPT
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm
• ACE inhibitors
• Acoustic neuroma
• Airsickness
• Alcohol overdose
• Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency
• Amanita muscaria
• Amikacin
• Aminoglycosides
• Anemia
• Antibiotics
• Anticonvulsants
• Anti-obesity drug
• Antiretroviral drug
• Arachnoid cyst
• Arnold-Chiari malformation
• Arsine
• Astrocytoma
• Atenolol
• Aztreonam
• Bacterial infection
• Balance disorder
• Barotrauma
• Barre-Lieou syndrome
• Basilar artery insufficiency syndrome
• Basilar artery migraine
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• Benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy
• Biperiden
• Brain ischemia
• Brain tumor
• Brain zaps
• Brainstem infarction
• Brainstem stroke
• Bromide
• Bruns' syndrome
• Buspirone
• Cabergoline
• Capreomycin
• Catarrh
• Cerebellar hemorrhage
• Cerebellar hypoplasia
• Cerebellar stroke
• Cerebral aneurysm
• Cerebral shunt
• Cerebrovascular accident
• Chloralose
• Chlorinated naphthalene
• Chloromethane
• Cholesteatoma
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Chronic renal failure
• Cidofovir
• Cinchonism
• Cogan syndrome
• Colloid cyst
• Common cold
• Corn lily poisoning
• Coronary heart disease
• Cyanide poisoning
• Cycad nut poisoning
• Daptomycin
• Darvocet overdose
• Decompression sickness
• Deep water blackout
• Desmopressin
• Dexamethasone
• Dolutegravir
• Drug overdose
• Ear wax
• Efavirenz
• Eflornithine
• Encephalitis
• Endolymphatic sac tumor
• Ependymoma
• Episodic ataxia
• Ethylbenzene
• Fabry's disease
• Facial nerve paralysis
• Flucytosine
• Focal seizure
• Food allergy
• Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
• Gasoline
• Gentamicin
• Glomus tumor
• Head injury
• Hellebore
• Herpes zoster oticus
• Histamine agonist
• Hydrocephalus
• Hyperemesis gravidarum
• Hypertension
• Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Hypervitaminoses A and D
• Hypomagnesemia primary
• Ibotenic acid
• Inferior cerebellar bleeding
• Influenza
• Intracranial infection
• Isosorbide mononitrate
• Kanamycin
• Ketorolac
• Labyrinthitis
• Labyrinth infarction
• Labyrinthine concussion
• Lateral medullary syndrome
• Loop diuretic
• Loprazolam
• Lormetazepam
• Lyme disease
• Malaria prophylaxis
• Malignant hypertension
• Mastoiditis
• Medulloblastoma
• Meniere's disease
• Meningioma
• Metabolic acidosis
• Microwave auditory effect
• Middle ear infection
• Migraine
• Minocycline
• Moclobemide
• Modafinil
• Monomethylhydrazine
• Morning sickness
• Motion sickness
• Multiple chemical sensitivity
• Multiple sclerosis
• Nabilone
• Nasal congestion
• Neoplasms
• Netilmicin
• Neurofibromatosis
• Neurosyphilis
• Nialamide
• Nitrazepam
• Nitrogen narcosis
• Noise health effects
• Non-epileptic seizure
• Oculogyric crisis
• Oprelvekin
• Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome
• Osteoma of the external ear canal
• Otitis externa
• Otitis media
• Otosclerosis
• Oxaprozin
• Panic attack
• Papaverine
• Paroxetine
• Partial seizure
• Peppermint oil
• Perforated tympanic membrane
• Pergolide
• Perilymph fistula
• Peripheral neuritis
• Perphenazine
• Pfiesteria poisoning
• Phosphine
• Polycythemia vera
• Posterior fossa tumors
• Praziquantel
• Prednisone
• Primidone
• Ramsay-Hunt syndrome
• Recurrent vestibulopathy
• Rifampicin
• Sassafras oil
• Sea-sickness
• Sedatives
• Seizures
• Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome
• Sensorineural hearing loss
• Simple partial seizure
• Sinus bradycardia
• Skull fractures
• Snakebites
• Sound pressure
• Spinal cord disorders
• Spinocerebellar ataxia
• SSRI discontinuation syndrome
• Streptomycin
• Stroke
• Sultiame
• Sumatriptan
• Superior canal dehiscence syndrome
• Superior vena cava syndrome
• Susac syndrome
• Syphillis
• Syringobulbia
• Systemic capillary leak syndrome
• Takayasu arteritis
• Taravana
• Temazepam
• Tobacco smoking
• Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
• Transient ischemic attack
• Trazodone
• Tsetse fly
• Tuberculosis treatment
• Valaciclovir
• Vasovagal syncope
• Venlafaxine
• Vertebral artery dissection
• Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia
• Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
• Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack
• Vertiginous epilepsy
• Vestibular migraine
• Vestibular neuronitis
• Vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial
• Vestibulocochlear nerve diseases
• Vigabatrin
• Viloxazine
• Viral infection
• Visceroptosis
• Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
• Wallenberg's syndrome
• Westphal-leyden ataxia
• Whiplash injuries
• Xylene
• Zimelidine
• Zolmitriptan