Venous blood

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In the circulatory system, venous blood is blood returning to the heart. With one exception (the pulmonary vein) this blood is deoxygenated and high in carbon dioxide, having released oxygen and absorbed CO₂ in the tissues. It is also typically warmer than arterial blood, has a lower pH, has lower concentrations of glucose and other nutrients, and has higher concentrations of urea and other waste products.

Venous blood can be obtained by venipuncture (also called phlebotomy), or in small quantities by fingerprick. Most medical laboratory tests are conducted on venous blood, with the exception of arterial blood gases.

Venous blood is often depicted as blue in color in medical diagrams, and veins sometimes look blue when seen through the skin. However, venous blood is actually a dark red color (but looks purple through the opaque skin), while arterial blood is bright red. The appearance of veins as dark blue is a wavelength phenomenon of light, having to do with the reflection of blue light away from the outside of venous tissue if the vein is @ 0.02in deep or more. This is due to the difference in color between deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin; the red color ultimately originates from the iron atom in heme. If blood is drawn for a medical test, the dark red color can be seen; however, if it is exposed to oxygen in the air, it will turn bright red like arterial blood.

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| group5 = Clinical Trials Involving Venous blood | list5 = Ongoing Trials on Venous blood at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Venous blood • Clinical Trials on Venous blood at Google

| group6 = Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Venous blood | list6 = US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Venous blood • NICE Guidance on Venous blood • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Venous blood • CDC on Venous blood

| group7 = Textbook Information on Venous blood | list7 = Books and Textbook Information on Venous blood

| group8 = Pharmacology Resources on Venous blood | list8 = AND (Dose)}} Dosing of Venous blood • AND (drug interactions)}} Drug interactions with Venous blood • AND (side effects)}} Side effects of Venous blood • AND (Allergy)}} Allergic reactions to Venous blood • AND (overdose)}} Overdose information on Venous blood • AND (carcinogenicity)}} Carcinogenicity information on Venous blood • AND (pregnancy)}} Venous blood in pregnancy • AND (pharmacokinetics)}} Pharmacokinetics of Venous blood •

| group9 = Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Venous blood | list9 = AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Genetics of Venous blood • AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Pharmacogenomics of Venous blood • AND (proteomics)}} Proteomics of Venous blood

| group10 = Newstories on Venous blood | list10 = Venous blood in the news • Be alerted to news on Venous blood • News trends on Venous blood</small>

| group11 = Commentary on Venous blood | list11 = Blogs on Venous blood

| group12 = Patient Resources on Venous blood | list12 = Patient resources on Venous blood • Discussion groups on Venous blood • Patient Handouts on Venous blood • Directions to Hospitals Treating Venous blood • Risk calculators and risk factors for Venous blood

| group13 = Healthcare Provider Resources on Venous blood | list13 = Symptoms of Venous blood • Causes & Risk Factors for Venous blood • Diagnostic studies for Venous blood • Treatment of Venous blood

| group14 = Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Venous blood | list14 = CME Programs on Venous blood

| group15 = International Resources on Venous blood | list15 = Venous blood en Espanol • Venous blood en Francais

| group16 = Business Resources on Venous blood | list16 = Venous blood in the Marketplace • Patents on Venous blood

| group17 = Informatics Resources on Venous blood | list17 = List of terms related to Venous blood

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