Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor

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Overview

Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) is an anti-angiogenic protein. It belongs to tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, where it is member 15. TNFSF15 is the human gene for it.

Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, but is not expressed in either B or T cells. The expression of this protein is inducible by TNF and IL-1 alpha. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF25 and decoy receptor TNFRSF21/DR6. It can activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases, and acts as an autocrine factor to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. This cytokine is also found to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, and thus may function as an angiogenesis inhibitor. An additional isoform encoded by an alternatively spliced transcript variant has been reported but the sequence of this transcript has not been determined.

Further reading

• Rubinstein MH (1977). "A new granulation method for compressed tablets [proceedings]". J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 28 Suppl: 67P. PMID 12345.
• Tan KB, Harrop J, Reddy M; et al. (1998). "Characterization of a novel TNF-like ligand and recently described TNF ligand and TNF receptor superfamily genes and their constitutive and inducible expression in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells". Gene. 204 (1–2): 35–46. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00509-X. PMID 9434163.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Zhai Y, Ni J, Jiang GW; et al. (1999). "VEGI, a novel cytokine of the tumor necrosis factor family, is an angiogenesis inhibitor that suppresses the growth of colon carcinomas in vivo". FASEB J. 13 (1): 181–9. PMID 9872942.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Yue TL, Ni J, Romanic AM; et al. (1999). "TL1, a novel tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine, induces apoptosis in endothelial cells. Involvement of activation of stress protein kinases (stress-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) and caspase-3-like protease". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (3): 1479–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.3.1479. PMID 9880523.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Haridas V, Shrivastava A, Su J; et al. (2000). "VEGI, a new member of the TNF family activates nuclear factor-kappa B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and modulates cell growth". Oncogene. 18 (47): 6496–504. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203059. PMID 10597252.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Yu J, Tian S, Metheny-Barlow L; et al. (2002). "Modulation of endothelial cell growth arrest and apoptosis by vascular endothelial growth inhibitor". Circ. Res. 89 (12): 1161–7. doi:10.1161/hh2401.101909. PMID 11739281.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Migone TS, Zhang J, Luo X; et al. (2002). "TL1A is a TNF-like ligand for DR3 and TR6/DcR3 and functions as a T cell costimulator". Immunity. 16 (3): 479–92. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00283-2. PMID 11911831.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Chew LJ, Pan H, Yu J; et al. (2002). "A novel secreted splice variant of vascular endothelial cell growth inhibitor". FASEB J. 16 (7): 742–4. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0757fje. PMID 11923219.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Wen L, Zhuang L, Luo X, Wei P (2003). "TL1A-induced NF-kappaB activation and c-IAP2 production prevent DR3-mediated apoptosis in TF-1 cells". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (40): 39251–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305833200. PMID 12882979.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bamias G, Martin C, Marini M; et al. (2004). "Expression, localization, and functional activity of TL1A, a novel Th1-polarizing cytokine in inflammatory bowel disease". J. Immunol. 171 (9): 4868–74. PMID 14568967.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Prehn JL, Mehdizadeh S, Landers CJ; et al. (2004). "Potential role for TL1A, the new TNF-family member and potent costimulator of IFN-gamma, in mucosal inflammation". Clin. Immunol. 112 (1): 66–77. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2004.02.007. PMID 15207783.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kang YJ, Kim WJ, Bae HU; et al. (2005). "Involvement of TL1A and DR3 in induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in atherogenesis". Cytokine. 29 (5): 229–35. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2004.12.001. PMID 15760679.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hou W, Medynski D, Wu S; et al. (2006). "VEGI-192, a new isoform of TNFSF15, specifically eliminates tumor vascular endothelial cells and suppresses tumor growth". Clin. Cancer Res. 11 (15): 5595–602. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0384. PMID 16061878.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Yamazaki K, McGovern D, Ragoussis J; et al. (2006). "Single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNFSF15 confer susceptibility to Crohn's disease". Hum. Mol. Genet. 14 (22): 3499–506. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi379. PMID 16221758.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Yao JJ, Zhang M, Miao XH; et al. (2006). "Isoform of vascular endothelial cell growth inhibitor (VEGI72-251) increases interleukin-2 production by activation of T lymphocytes". Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai). 38 (4): 249–53. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00155.x. PMID 16604264.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Prehn JL, Thomas LS, Landers CJ; et al. (2007). "The T cell costimulator TL1A is induced by FcgammaR signaling in human monocytes and dendritic cells". J. Immunol. 178 (7): 4033–8. PMID 17371957.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Cassatella MA, Pereira-da-Silva G, da Silva GP; et al. (2007). "Soluble TNF-like cytokine (TL1A) production by immune complexes stimulated monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis". J. Immunol. 178 (11): 7325–33. PMID 17513783.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Jin T, Guo F, Kim S; et al. (2007). "X-ray crystal structure of TNF ligand family member TL1A at 2.1A". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 364 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.097. PMID 17935696.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)