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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Tremor}} | | {{Tremor}} |
| {{CMG}};{{AE}} [[User:Naresh Mullaguri|Naresh Mullaguri, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:mullaguri.nari@gmail.com] {{KS}} | | {{CMG}};{{AE}} {{ZMalik}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Tremor<ref name="pmid22772877">{{cite journal |author=Zeuner KE, Deuschl G |title=An update on tremors |journal=Curr. Opin. Neurol. |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=475–82 |year=2012 |month=August |pmid=22772877 |doi=10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283550c7e |url=}}</ref> is generally caused by problems in parts of the brain or spinal cord that control muscles throughout the body or in particular areas, such as the hands. Neurological disorders or conditions that can produce tremor include [[multiple sclerosis]], [[stroke]], [[traumatic brain injury]] and [[neurodegenerative disease]]s that damage or destroy parts of the [[brainstem]] or the [[cerebellum]]. Other causes include the use of some drugs (such as [[amphetamine]]s, [[caffeine]], [[corticosteroid]]s, and drugs used for certain psychiatric disorders), alcohol abuse or withdrawal, [[mercury poisoning]], overactive [[thyroid]] or [[liver failure]]. Tremors can be an indication of [[hypoglycemia]], along with palpitations, sweating and anxiety. <!-- Biochemistry 3rd ed. Lippinscott illustrated reviews. Champe, Harvey, Ferrier. 2005 (for the last sentence) -->
| | Common causes of tremor in primary care include enhanced [[physiologic tremor]], [[essential tremor]], and [[Parkinson’s disease]]. |
| Tremor can also be caused from lack of [[sleep]], [[vitamin]]s, or having too much [[stress]].
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| Deficiencies of magnesium and [[vitamin B1]] have also been known to cause tremor or shaking which resolves when the deficiency is corrected. See [[magnesium in biology]].
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| Some forms of tremor are inherited and run in families, while others have no known cause. Tremors can also be caused by some spider bites i.e. the redback spider of Australia.
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| Tremor can result from other conditions as well. [[Alcoholism]], excessive alcohol consumption, or alcohol withdrawal can kill certain nerve cells, resulting a tremor known as [[asterixis]]. Conversely, small amounts of alcohol may help to decrease familial and essential tremor, but the mechanism behind this is unknown. Tremor in [[peripheral neuropathy]] may occur when the nerves that supply the body’s muscles are traumatized by injury, disease, abnormality in the central nervous system, or as the result of systemic illnesses. Peripheral neuropathy can affect the whole body or certain areas, such as the hands, and may be progressive. Resulting sensory loss may be seen as a tremor or ataxia (inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movement) of the affected limbs and problems with gait and balance. Clinical characteristics may be similar to those seen in patients with essential tremor.
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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
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| ===Life Threatening Causes=== | | ===Common Causes=== |
| Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
| | Common [[causes]] include: <ref name="pmid21321834">{{cite journal| author=Puschmann A, Wszolek ZK| title=Diagnosis and treatment of common forms of tremor. | journal=Semin Neurol | year= 2011 | volume= 31 | issue= 1 | pages= 65-77 | pmid=21321834 | doi=10.1055/s-0031-1271312 | pmc=3907068 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21321834 }} </ref><ref name="pmid14596441">{{cite journal| author=Smaga S| title=Tremor. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2003 | volume= 68 | issue= 8 | pages= 1545-52 | pmid=14596441 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14596441 }} </ref> |
| | | *Enhanced [[physiologic tremor]] |
| === Common Causes=== | | *[[Essential tremor]] |
| *[[Alcohol withdrawal]] | | *[[Parkinson’s disease]] |
| *[[Anxiety]] | | *Excessive [[caffeine]] |
| *[[Caffeine]] | | *[[Psychogenic]] due to [[stress]],[[anxiety]], and [[depression]] |
| *[[Hyperthyroidism]] | |
| *[[Hypoglycemia]] | | *[[Hypoglycemia]] |
| *[[Nicotine]] | | *[[Fatigue]] |
| *[[Parkinson's disease]] | | *[[Aging]] |
| | | ===Less Common Causes=== |
| === Causes by Organ System=== | | Less common cause include:<ref name="EliasShah2014">{{cite journal|last1=Elias|first1=W. Jeffrey|last2=Shah|first2=Binit B.|title=Tremor|journal=JAMA|volume=311|issue=9|year=2014|pages=948|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.2014.1397}}</ref> |
| | | *[[Wilson's disease]] |
| {|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"
| | *[[Multiple sclerosis]] |
| | | *[[Alcohol]] [[withdrawal]] tremor |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Cerebrovascular accident]],[[hypothermia]],[[vitamin b1 deficiency]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[3-Aminopyridine]], [[4-aminopyridine]], [[1,2-Dichloroethene|acetylene dichloride]], acidic dry cell batteries , [[acrylamide]], agrocide, agronexit, [[amidithion]], [[amiton]], [[Lindane|aparasin]], [[Lindane|aphtiria]], [[arsenic poisoning]], [[Athyl-Gusathion|athyl-gusathion]], [[azinfos-methyl]], [[azinfosethyl]], [[azinphos]], [[azinphosmetile]], [[azothoate]], [[Lindane|ben-hex]], [[benoxafos]], [[benzene hexachloride]], [[Lindane|bexol]], [[biphenyl]], [[bromide]], [[bromoform]], [[bromophos]], [[bromophos-ethyl]], [[ bromophos-ethyl ]], [[cadusafos]], [[carbamate insecticide poisoning]], [[carbinoxamine]], [[carbon disulfide]], [[ carbon disulfide]], [[carbon tetrachloride]], [[carbophenothion]], [[chlordane]], [[ chlordane ]], [[Kepone|chlordecone]], [[Lindane|chloresene]], [[ chlorfenvinphos]], [[chlorfenvinphos]], [[chloromethane]], [[chloropyrifos]], [[chlorpyrifos methyl]], [[cresols]], [[ cresols ]], [[cresylic acid]], [[cyanthoate]], [[Phenothrin|D-phenothrin]], [[DDD]], [[DDT]], [[demeton]], [[demeton-methyl]], [[Demeton-O|demeton-o]], [[demeton-S-methylsulphon]], [[dialifos]], [[diazinon]], [[diborane]], [[dichlorvos]], [[ dichlorvos ]], [[dimethoate]], [[dimethoate]], [[dioxathion]], [[Diquat|diquat dibromide]], [[ disulfiram]], [[disulfiram]], [[disulfoton]], [[endosulfan]], [[endothion]], [[epichlorohydrin]], [[ethion]], [[ethoate-methyl]], [[ethoprophos]], [[ethyl mercaptan]], [[ethyl-guthion]], [[ ethyl-guthion ]], [[ethylbenzene]], [[ethylene dichloride]], [[etrimfos]], [[ etrimfos ]], [[fenchlorphos]], [[fenitrothion]], [[fensulfothion]], [[fenthion]], [[fipronil]], [[Toothpaste|fluoridated toothpaste]], [[fonophos]], [[formothion]], [[Lindane|gamma-hcch]], [[gasoline]], [[glaze]], [[glufosinate]], [[glycol ether]], [[ glycol ether ]], [[ heptachlor]],[[heptenophos]], [[Lindane|hexachlorocyclohexane(gamma)]], [[Iodofenphos]], [[lead]], [[lindane]], [[ lithium]], [[lithium toxicity]], [[Lobelia|lobelia poisoning]], [[malathion]], [[manganese]], [[mecarbam]], [[mercury poisoning]], [[mescal poisoning]], [[metaldehyde]], [[methacrifos]], [[methamidophos]], [[methidathion]], [[Methylene chloride|methylene chloride]], [[metiltriazotion]][[mevinphos]], [[monocrotophos]], [[monosodium methyl arsenate]], [[nicotine poisoning]], [[omethoate]], [[organophosphate insecticide poisoning]], [[oxydeprofos]], [[oxydisulfoton]],[[Parathion|parathion methyl]], [[parathion]], [[parathion ]], [[phenkapton]], [[phenol]], [[phorate]], [[phosalone]], [[ phosalone ]], [[phosmet]], [[phosphamidon]], [[ phosphamidon ]], [[phosphine]], [[phoxim]], [[ phoxim ]], [[pirimiphos-methyl]], [[primiphos methyl]], [[prothidathion]], [[prothoate]], [[pyrethrin]], [[pyrimitate]], [[quinalphos]], [[quintiofos]], [[RDX]], [[rotenone]], [[Aplysiomorpha|sea hare poisoning]], [[Selenium|selenium poisoning]], [[sophamide]], [[sulfite ]], [[sulfotep]], [[Sulfuryl Fluoride|sulfuryl fluoride]], [[terbufos]], [[tetrachloroethane]], [[thallium]], [[thallium sulfate]], [[thiometon]], [[tolclofos methyl]], [[toxaphene]], [[triazophos]], [[triazotion]], [[trichloroethylene]], [[trifenfos]], [[Rotenone|tubatoxin poisoning]], [[vamidothion]], [[ Xylene ]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Chediak-Higashi disease]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[amphetamine]], [[artemether and lumefantrin]], [[black cohosh]], [[butorphanol]], [[cidofovir]], [[clozapine]], [[corticosteroids]],[[caspofungin acetate]], [[cyclosporin]], [[cytomegalovirus immune globulin]], [[dexedrine overdose]], [[dimercaprol]], [[disulfiram]], [[dobutamine]], [[dopamine]], [[dopexamine]], [[efavirenz]], [[ephedrine]], [[epinephrine]], [[eslicarbazepine acetate]], [[febuxostat]], [[fluvoxamine]], [[glipizide]], [[glycerol phenylbutyrate]],[[haloperidol]], [[Isoprenaline]], [[Isoproterenol (aerosol)]], [[Ivermectin]], [[lenalidomide]], [[levalbuterol]], [[levodopa]], [[lidocaine]], [[lidocaine]], [[loxapine]], [[Neem|margosa oil]], [[metaraminol]], [[methoxamine]], [[miglustat]], [[nabilone]], [[nalmefene]], [[norepinephrine]], [[orphenadrine]], [[oxaprozin]], [[oxcarbazepine]], [[paroxetine]], [[pentamidine Isethionate]], [[peppermint oil]], [[phentermine]], [[phenylephrine]], [[pilocarpine]], [[pirbuterol]], [[ramucirumab]], [[reproterol]], [[rifaximin]], [[rizatriptan]], [[salbutamol]], [[sodium oxybate]], [[sodium valproate]], [[tacrolimus]], [[terbutaline]], [[thalidomide]], [[thallous Chloride Tl 201]], [[theophylline]], [[tricyclic antidepressants]], [[trifluperidol]], [[valganciclovir hydrochloride]], [[valproic acid]], [[venlafaxine]], [[vilazodone]], [[xamoterol]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cockayne syndrome]], spastic paraparesis deafness, [[wolfram syndrome]],
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Adrenal adenoma]], [[adrenal gland hyperfunction]], [[adrenal incidentaloma]], [[adrenal tumor|adrenal medulla neoplasm]], [[adrenal tumor]], [[diabetes insipidus]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[fatigue]], high t4 syndrome, [[hyperadrenalism]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypoglycaemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]], [[Kennedy's disease]], [[pheochromocytoma]], [[pituitary tumor|pituitary tumor adult]], [[thyrotoxicosis]], [[toxic multinodular goiter]], [[Wolfram syndrome]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Hypothermia]], [[minamata disease]],
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cirrhosis of liver]], [[hepatic failure]], hepatocerebral degeneration, [[liver failure]], [[vitamin b1 deficiency]], [[wilson's disease]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[nemaline myopathy|Amish nemaline myopathy]], [[Aniridia|aniridia cerebellar ataxia mental deficiency]], [[Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification|basal ganglia calcification,idiopathic]], [[Ceroid lipofuscinosis|ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 6, late infantile]], [[Chediak-Higashi disease]], Chromosome 20p,partial duplication, [[Cockayne syndrome]], [[fatal familial insomnia]], [[Friedreich ataxia]], [[fucosidosis]], [[holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency]], [[Huntington's disease]], [[Kennedy's disease]], [[Krabbe leukodystrophy]], [[Fragile X syndrome|mental retardation, X-linked]], [[metachromatic leukodystrophy]], [[methylmalonic acidemia]], [[Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy|neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease]], [[Periodic paralysis|normokalemic periodic paralysis]], [[Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency]], [[Roussy–Lévy syndrome]], [[Wolfram syndrome]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome]], [[Serotonin Syndrome]], [[Ureterosigmoidostomy]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Central nervous system infection|Central nervous system protozoal infections]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[fever]], [[meningoencephalitis]], [[neurosyphilis]], [[sleeping sickness (East African)]], [[sleeping sickness (West African)]], [[toxoplasmosis]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[nemaline myopathy|Amish nemaline myopathy]] [[myopathy]],[[muscle fatigue]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration, Alcoholic [[intoxication]], [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Amyloidosis, oculoleptomeningeal ]], Aniridia cerebellar ataxia mental deficiency, [[Anxiety]], [[Basal ganglia calcification]], Benign [[essential tremor]], [[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy]], Brain Fag syndrome, Central nervous system protozoal infections, Cerebellar degeneration, Cerebellar disease, [[Cerebrovascular accident]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[Dementia With Lewy Bodies]], Diencephalic syndrome, Drug-induced parkinsonism, Dystonia 1, torsion, autosomal dominant, Dystonia musculorum deformans, [[Dystonia]], [[Essential tremor]], [[Fatal familial insomnia]], [[Friedreich ataxia]], [[Frontotemporal dementia]], [[Huntington's Disease]], Idiopathic dystonia DYT1, [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Krabbe leukodystrophy]], Leukoencephalopathy -- metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, [[Meningoencephalitis]], Mental retardation, X-linked, Cabezas type, [[Metabolic encephalopathy]], [[Metachromatic leukodystrophy]], [[Multiple sclerosis]]<ref name="pmid22698481">{{cite journal |author=Karmon Y, Morrow SA, Weinstock A, Hojnacki D, Weinstock-Guttman B |title=Limb ataxia originating from peri-central sulcus demyelinating lesion in multiple sclerosis |journal=J. Neurol. Sci. |volume=320 |issue=1-2 |pages=136–40 |year=2012 |month=September |pmid=22698481 |doi=10.1016/j.jns.2012.05.039 |url=}}</ref>, [[Multiple system atrophy]], [[Myoclonic epilepsy]] benign, Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, [[Neurosyphilis]], Normokalemic [[periodic paralysis]], [[Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy]], Oppenheim's dystonia, Pallidopyramidal syndrome, [[Parkinsonism]], [[Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease]], [[Pick's disease of the brain]], Spastic paraparesis deafness, [[Spinocerebellar ataxia]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arginase deficiency]], [[Fucosidosis]], [[Ceroid lipofuscinosis]], [[Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency]], [[Methylmalonic acidemia]] with [[homocystinuria]], Motor and cognitive disorder due to sepiapterin reductase deficiency, [[Mucolipidosis]], [[Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency]], [[Sialidosis]], [[Uraemia]], [[Vitamin B1 deficiency]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal adenoma]], [[Pituitary tumors]], [[Pheochromocytoma]], [[Adrenal incidentaloma]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Opthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Optic atrophy]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dexedrine]], [[Methamphetamine]], [[Lithium toxicity]]<ref name="pmid22508354">{{cite journal |author=Bogers CH, Boshuisen ML, Kok JS, Knegtering H |title=[Neurotoxicity in elderly patients being treated with lithium: is there a reason to adjust the dosage administered?] |language=Dutch; Flemish |journal=Tijdschr Psychiatr |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=359–69 |year=2012 |pmid=22508354 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hysteria]], [[Anxiety]], Psychogenic movement disorders
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Respiratory failure]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypoglycemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]], Normokalemic [[periodic paralysis]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Shy-Drager syndrome]], [[Senile]], Roussy-Levy syndrome, Salvioli syndrome, [[Wolfram syndrome]], Primary orthostatic tremor<ref name="pmid22764256">{{cite journal |author=Virmani T, Louis ED, Waters C, Pullman SL |title=Familial orthostatic tremor: an additional report in siblings |journal=Neurology |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=288–9 |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22764256 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825fdfb3 |url=}}</ref>, Physiologic tremor, Lindsay-Burn syndrome, Lhermitte-McAlpine syndrome, [[Kennedy's disease]], [[Hypothermia]], [[Da Costa's syndrome]], Combarros Calleja Leno syndrome, [[Cockayne syndrome]]
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| |}
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| === Causes in Alphabetical Order ===
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| {{columns-list|3|
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| * [[2,4-Dichlorophenol]]
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| *[[3-Aminopyridine]]
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| *[[4-Aminopyridine]]
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| *[[1,2-Dichloroethene|Acetylene dichloride]]
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| *Acidic dry cell batteries inhalation poisoning
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| *[[Acrylamide]]
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| *[[xylene]]
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| *[[Adrenal adenoma|Adrenal adenoma,familial]]
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| *[[Adrenal cancer]]
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| *[[Adrenal incidentaloma]]
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| *[[Adrenal tumor]]
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| *[[Lindane|Agrocide]] | |
| *Agronexit
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| *[[Alcohol withdrawal syndrome]]
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| *[[Alcohol]]
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| *Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
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| *[[Alcohol intoxication]]
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| *[[Substance-related disorder|Alcohol-induced disorders]]
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| *[[Alzheimer's disease]]
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| *[[Amidithion ]] | |
| *[[Amiodarone]] | |
| *[[nemaline myopathy|Amish nemaline myopathy]]
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| *[[Amiton ]]
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| *[[Amphetamine|Amphetamine abuse]]
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| *[[Amyloidosis, oculoleptomeningeal ]]
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| *[[Aniridia|Aniridia cerebellar ataxia mental deficiency]]
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| *[[Anxiety]]
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| *[[Lindane|Aparasin]]
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| *[[Lindane|Aphtiria]]
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| *[[Arginase deficiency]]
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| *[[Arsenic poisoning]]
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| *[[Artemether and lumefantrin]]
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| *[[Athyl-Gusathion]]
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| *[[Azinfosethyl]]
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| *[[Azinfos-methyl]]
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| *[[Azinophos-methyl]]
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| *[[Azinphos]]
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| *[[Azinphos-ethyl]]
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| *[[Azinphos-methyl]]
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| *[[Azinphosmetile]]
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| *[[Azothoate]]
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| *[[Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification|Basal ganglia calcification,idiopathic]]
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| *[[Lindane|Ben-Hex]]
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| *Benhexol
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| *[[Benign essential tremor syndrome]]
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| *[[essential tremor|Benign essential tremor]]
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| *[[Benoxafos]]
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| *[[Lindane|Bexol]]
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| *[[Biphenyl ]]
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| *[[Black Cohosh|Black cohosh overdose]]
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| *[[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy]]
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| *[[Brain fag syndrome]]
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| *[[Bromide ]]
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| *[[Bromoform ]]
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| *[[Bromophos ]]
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| *[[Bromophos-ethyl ]]
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| *[[Butorphanol]]
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| *[[Cadusafos ]]
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| *[[Caffeine|Caffeine overdose]]
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| *[[Carbamate insecticide poisoning ]]
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| *[[Carbinoxamine ]]
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| *[[Carbon disulfide ]]
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| *[[Carbon tetrachloride ]]
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| *[[Carbophenothion ]]
| |
| *[[Central nervous system infection|Central nervous system protozoal infections]]
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| *[[Cerebellar degeneration]]
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| *[[Cerebellar Disease|Cerebellar disease]]
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| *[[Cerebrovascular accident]]
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| *[[Ceroid lipofuscinosis|Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 6, late infantile]]
| |
| *[[Chediak-Higashi disease]]
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| *[[Chlordane ]]
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| *[[Kepone|Chlordecone]]
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| *[[Lindane|Chloresene]]
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| *[[Chlorfenvinphos ]]
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| *[[Chloromethane ]]
| |
| *[[Chloropyrifos ]]
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| *[[Chlorpyrifos methyl]]
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| *Chromosome 20p, partial duplication
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| *[[Cidofovir]]
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| *[[Cirrhosis of liver]]
| |
| *[[Cockayne syndrome ]]
| |
| *Combarros Calleja Leno syndrome
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| *[[Cresols ]]
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| *[[Cresylic acid ]]
| |
| *[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ]]
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| *[[Cyanthoate ]]
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| *[[Cyclosporin]]
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| *[[Cytomegalovirus immune globulin]]
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| *[[Da Costa's syndrome]]
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| *[[DDD ]]
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| *[[DDT ]]
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| *[[Dementia With Lewy Bodies]]
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| *[[Demeton ]]
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| *[[Demeton-methyl]]
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| *[[Demeton-O ]]
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| *[[Demeton-O-methyl ]]
| |
| *[[Demeton-S-methyl ]]
| |
| *[[Demeton-S-methylsulphon ]]
| |
| *[[Dexedrine overdose]]
| |
| *[[Diabetes insipidus]], [[diabetes mellitus]],[[optic atrophy]]
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| *[[Dialifos ]]
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| *[[Diazinon ]]
| |
| *[[Diborane ]]
| |
| *[[Dichlorvos ]]
| |
| *[[Diencephalic syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Dimethoate ]]
| |
| *[[Dioxathion ]]
| |
| *[[Diquat|Diquat dibromide]]
| |
| *[[Withdrawal syndrome|Discontinuation syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Disulfiram ]]
| |
| *[[Disulfoton ]]
| |
| *[[Dobutamine]]
| |
| *[[Dopamine]]
| |
| *[[Dopexamine]]
| |
| *[[Phenothrin|D-Phenothrin]]
| |
| *[[Drug withdrawal]]
| |
| *[[Parkinsonism|Drug-induced parkinsonism]]
| |
| *[[Dystonia|Dystonia musculorum deformans]]
| |
| *[[Dystonia]]
| |
| *[[Efavirenz]]
| |
| *[[Endosulfan]]
| |
| *[[Endothion]]
| |
| *[[Ephedrine]]
| |
| *[[Epichlorohydrin]]
| |
| *[[Epinephrine]]
| |
| *[[Essential tremor]]
| |
| *[[Ethion]]
| |
| *[[Ethoate-methyl]]
| |
| *[[Ethoprophos ]]
| |
| *[[Ethyl mercaptan]]
| |
| *[[Ethylbenzene ]]
| |
| *[[Ethylene dichloride ]]
| |
| *[[Ethyl-guthion ]]
| |
| *[[Etrimfos ]]
| |
| *[[Fatal familial insomnia ]]
| |
| *[[Fenchlorphos]]
| |
| *[[Fenitrothion]]
| |
| *[[Fensulfothion]]
| |
| *[[Fenthion]]
| |
| *[[Fipronil]]
| |
| *[[Toothpaste|Fluoridated toothpaste]]
| |
| *[[Fonophos ]]
| |
| *[[Food additives]]
| |
| *[[Formothion ]]
| |
| *[[Friedreich ataxia ]]
| |
| *[[Frontotemporal dementia ]]
| |
| *[[Fucosidosis ]]
| |
| *[[Gasoline ]]
| |
| *[[Glaze ]]
| |
| *[[Glufosinate ]]
| |
| *[[Glycerol phenylbutyrate]],
| |
| *[[Glycol ether]]
| |
| *[[Guthion (ethyl)]]
| |
| *[[Haloperidol]]
| |
| *[[Hepatic failure]]
| |
| *[[Heptachlor ]]
| |
| *[[Heptenophos ]]
| |
| *High T4 syndrome
| |
| *[[Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency ]]
| |
| *[[Huntington's disease ]]
| |
| *[[Hyperadrenalism ]]
| |
| *[[Hyperthyroidism]] | | *[[Hyperthyroidism]] |
| *[[Hypoglycaemia]] | | *[[Mercury]] [[poisoning]] |
| *[[Hypomagnesemia]]
| | *[[Liver]] or [[kidney failure]] |
| *[[Hypothermia]]
| | *[[Drug]] Induced Tremors |
| *[[Hysteria]]
| | *[[Orthostatic]] tremor |
| *[[Lobelia|Indian tobacco poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Iodofenphos ]]
| |
| *[[Isoprenaline]]
| |
| *[[Kennedy's disease]]
| |
| *[[Krabbe leukodystrophy ]]
| |
| *[[Lead]]
| |
| *[[Leukoencephalopathy]]
| |
| *[[Jean Lhermitte|Lhermitte-McAlpine syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Lidocaine]]
| |
| *[[Lindane ]]
| |
| *Lindsay-Burn syndrome
| |
| *[[Lithium toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Liver failure]] | |
| *[[Lobelia|Lobelia poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Malathion ]]
| |
| *[[Manganese ]]
| |
| *Margosa oil overdose
| |
| *[[Mecarbam ]]
| |
| *[[Meningoencephalitis]]
| |
| *[[Fragile X syndrome|Mental retardation, X-linked]]
| |
| *[[Mercury poisoning ]]
| |
| *[[Mercury]]
| |
| *Mescal poisoning
| |
| *[[Metabolic encephalopathy ]]
| |
| *[[Metachromatic leukodystrophy ]]
| |
| *[[Metaldehyde ]]
| |
| *[[Metaraminol]]
| |
| *[[Methacrifos ]]
| |
| *[[Methamidophos ]]
| |
| *[[Methamphetamine overdose ]]
| |
| *[[Methidathion ]]
| |
| *[[Methoxamine]]
| |
| *[[Methylene chloride ]]
| |
| *[[Methylmalonic acidemia]]
| |
| *[[Metiltriazotion ]]
| |
| *[[Mevinphos ]]
| |
| *[[Minamata disease ]]
| |
| *[[Monocrotophos ]]
| |
| *[[Monosodium methyl arsenate]]
| |
| *Motor and cognitive disorder
| |
| *[[Sialidosis |Mucolipidosis type1]]
| |
| *[[Multiple sclerosis ]]
| |
| *[[Multiple system atrophy]]
| |
| *[[Myoclonic epilepsy|Myoclonic epilepsy benign,adult,familial]]
| |
| *[[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy|Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease]]
| |
| *[[Neurosyphilis]]
| |
| *[[Nicotine poisoning ]]
| |
| *[[Norepinephrine]]
| |
| *[[Periodic paralysis|Normokalemic periodic paralysis]]
| |
| *[[Olivopontocerebellar atrophy ]]
| |
| *[[Omethoate ]]
| |
| *Oppenheim's dystonia
| |
| *[[Optic atrophy]]
| |
| *[[Organophosphate insecticide poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Oxaprozin]]
| |
| *[[Oxydeprofos ]]
| |
| *[[Oxydisulfoton ]]
| |
| *Pallidopyramidal syndrome
| |
| *[[Parathion]]
| |
| *[[Parathion|Parathion methyl]]
| |
| *[[Parkinson's disease]]<ref name="pmid22919866">{{cite journal |author=Chemaly RE, Moussalli AS |title=Parkinsonian syndrome as a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of a case and review of the literature |journal=J Med Liban |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=103–5 |year=2012 |pmid=22919866 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Parkinsonism]]
| |
| *[[Paroxetine]]
| |
| *[[Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease]]
| |
| *[[Peppermint|Peppermint oil overdose]]
| |
| *[[Phenkapton ]]
| |
| *[[Phenol ]]
| |
| *[[Phenylephrine]]
| |
| *[[Pheochromocytoma ]]
| |
| *[[Phorate ]]
| |
| *[[Phosalone ]]
| |
| *[[Phosmet ]]
| |
| *[[Phosphamidon ]]
| |
| *[[Phosphine ]]
| |
| *[[Phoxim]]
| |
| *[[Pick's disease of the brain]]
| |
| *[[Pirimiphos-methyl]]
| |
| *[[Pituitary tumor|Pituitary tumor,adult]]
| |
| *[[Primiphos methyl]]
| |
| *[[Prothidathion]]
| |
| *[[Prothoate ]]
| |
| *Psychogenic movement disorders
| |
| *[[Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency ]]
| |
| *[[Pyrethrin]]
| |
| *[[Pyrimitate]]
| |
| *[[Quinalphos]]
| |
| *[[Quintiofos]]
| |
| *[[Ramucirumab]]
| |
| *[[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]
| |
| *[[RDX ]]
| |
| *[[Reproterol]]
| |
| *[[Respiratory failure]]
| |
| *[[Rotenone ]] | |
| *[[Roussy–Lévy syndrome]] | |
| *Sabah vegetable overdose
| |
| *[[Salbutamol]]
| |
| *Salvioli syndrome
| |
| *Sea Hare poisoning
| |
| *[[Selenium|Selenium poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Senile]]
| |
| *[[Serotonin syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Shy-Drager syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Sialidosis]]
| |
| *[[Sleeping sickness (East African)]]
| |
| *[[Sleeping sickness (West African)]]
| |
| *[[Sodium oxybate]]
| |
| *[[Sophamide ]]
| |
| *Spastic paraparesis deafness
| |
| *[[Spinocerebellar ataxia]]
| |
| *[[Sulfotep ]]
| |
| *[[Sulfuryl Fluoride|Sulfuryl fluoride]]
| |
| *[[Tacrolimus]]
| |
| *[[Terbufos ]]
| |
| *[[Terbutaline]]
| |
| *[[Tetrachloroethane]]
| |
| *[[Thallium ]]
| |
| *[[Thallium sulfate ]]
| |
| *[[Thiometon ]]
| |
| *[[Tolclofos methyl]]
| |
| *[[Toxaphene]]
| |
| *[[Toxic multinodular goiter]]
| |
| *[[Toxoplasmosis ]]
| |
| *[[Triazophos]]
| |
| *[[Triazotion ]]
| |
| *[[Trichloroethylene ]]
| |
| *[[Trifenfos ]]
| |
| *[[Trifluperidol]]
| |
| *[[Rotenone|Tubatoxin poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Uraemia]]
| |
| *[[Ureterosigmoidostomy]]
| |
| *[[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]
| |
| *[[Valproic acid]]
| |
| *[[Vamidothion]]
| |
| *[[Vilazodone]]
| |
| *[[Vitamin B1 deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Wilson's disease ]]
| |
| *[[Wolfram syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Xamoterol]]
| |
| }}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
| [[Category:Needs content]] | | [[Category:Neurology]] |
| [[Category:Crowdiagnosis]] | | [[Category:Primary care]] |
| | [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] |
| | [[Category:Medicine]] |