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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Traumatic brain injury must be differentiated from | | Traumatic brain injury must be differentiated from |
| | | *[[Concussion]] |
| | *Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy |
| | *Extra-axial Hematomas |
| | *Contusions |
| | *Traumatic [[Subarachnoid Hemorrhage]] |
| | *[[Diffuse Axonal Injury]] |
| ==Differentiating Traumatic Brain Injury from other Diseases== | | ==Differentiating Traumatic Brain Injury from other Diseases== |
| Traumatic brain injury must be differentiated from<ref name="pmid28933211">{{cite journal| author=Galgano M, Toshkezi G, Qiu X, Russell T, Chin L, Zhao LR| title=Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Treatment Strategies and Future Endeavors. | journal=Cell Transplant | year= 2017 | volume= 26 | issue= 7 | pages= 1118-1130 | pmid=28933211 | doi=10.1177/0963689717714102 | pmc=5657730 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28933211 }} </ref> | | Traumatic brain injury must be differentiated from<ref name="pmid28933211">{{cite journal| author=Galgano M, Toshkezi G, Qiu X, Russell T, Chin L, Zhao LR| title=Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Treatment Strategies and Future Endeavors. | journal=Cell Transplant | year= 2017 | volume= 26 | issue= 7 | pages= 1118-1130 | pmid=28933211 | doi=10.1177/0963689717714102 | pmc=5657730 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28933211 }} </ref> |
| {|
| | *[[Concussion]] |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| | *Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy |
| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Diseases</small>
| | *Extra-axial Hematomas |
| ! colspan="4" |<small>Symptoms
| | *Contusions |
| ! colspan="5" |<small>Physical Examination</small>
| | *Traumatic [[Subarachnoid Hemorrhage]] |
| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Past medical history</small>
| | *[[Diffuse Axonal Injury]] |
| ! colspan="3" |<small>Diagnostic tests</small>
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Other Findings</small>
| |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| |
| !<small>Headache</small>
| |
| !↓<small>LOC</small>
| |
| !<small>Motor weakness</small>
| |
| !<small>Abnormal sensory</small>
| |
| !<small>Motor Deficit</small>
| |
| !<small>Sensory deficit</small>
| |
| !<small>Speech difficulty</small>
| |
| !<small>Gait abnormality</small>
| |
| !<small>Cranial nerves</small>
| |
| !<small>CT /MRI</small>
| |
| !<small>CSF Findings</small>
| |
| !<small>Gold standard test</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Subdural hematoma|Subdural hemorrhage<ref name="pmid1198628">{{cite journal| author=Lee MC, Heaney LM, Jacobson RL, Klassen AC| title=Cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral hemorrhage and infarction. | journal=Stroke | year= 1975 | volume= 6 | issue= 6 | pages= 638-41 | pmid=1198628 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1198628 }}</ref>]][./Traumatic_brain_injury_differential_diagnosis#cite_note-pmid1198628-2 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[2]</nowiki></span>]<ref name="pmid21807345">{{cite journal| author=DeLaPaz RL, Wippold FJ, Cornelius RS, Amin-Hanjani S, Angtuaco EJ, Broderick DF et al.| title=ACR Appropriateness Criteria® on cerebrovascular disease. | journal=J Am Coll Radiol | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 8 | pages= 532-8 | pmid=21807345 | doi=10.1016/j.jacr.2011.05.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21807345 }}</ref><ref name="pmid21694755">{{cite journal| author=Birenbaum D, Bancroft LW, Felsberg GJ| title=Imaging in acute stroke. | journal=West J Emerg Med | year= 2011 | volume= 12 | issue= 1 | pages= 67-76 | pmid=21694755 | doi= | pmc=3088377 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21694755 }}</ref>
| |
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Trauma]], fall
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Xanthochromia
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |CT scan without contrast
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Confusion]], [[dizziness]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Meningitis|Meningitis<ref name="pmid19398286">{{cite journal| author=Carbonnelle E| title=[Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: usefulness of various tests for the determination of the etiological agent]. | journal=Med Mal Infect | year= 2009 | volume= 39 | issue= 7-8 | pages= 581-605 | pmid=19398286 | doi=10.1016/j.medmal.2009.02.017 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19398286 }}</ref>]][./Traumatic_brain_injury_differential_diagnosis#cite_note-pmid19398286-5 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[5]</nowiki></span>]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of [[fever]] and [[malaise]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |'''↑''' [[Leukocytes]],
| |
| | |
| '''↑''' Protein
| |
| | |
| ↓ Glucose
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CSF analysis]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fever]], [[Neck rigidity|neck]]
| |
| [[Neck rigidity|rigidity]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Encephalitis]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +/-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +/-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +/-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of [[fever]] and [[malaise]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |'''↑''' [[Leukocytes]], ↓ Glucose
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |CSF [[PCR]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Fever]], [[Seizure|seizures]], [[Focal neurologic signs|focal neurologic abnormalities]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Brain tumor]]<ref name="pmid10582668">{{cite journal| author=Morgenstern LB, Frankowski RF| title=Brain tumor masquerading as stroke. | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 1999 | volume= 44 | issue= 1 | pages= 47-52 | pmid=10582668 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10582668 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21371327">{{cite journal| author=Weston CL, Glantz MJ, Connor JR| title=Detection of cancer cells in the cerebrospinal fluid: current methods and future directions. | journal=Fluids Barriers CNS | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 14 | pmid=21371327 | doi=10.1186/2045-8118-8-14 | pmc=3059292 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21371327 }}</ref>
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Weight loss]], [[fatigue]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |Cancer cells
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |MRI
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cachexia]], gradual progression of symptoms
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemorrhagic stroke|Hemorrhagic stroke<ref name="pmid21807345" />]][./Traumatic_brain_injury_differential_diagnosis#cite_note-pmid21807345-4 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[3]</nowiki></span>]<ref name="pmid21694755" />
| |
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Hypertension]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |CT scan without contrast
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neck stiffness]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neurosyphilis]]<ref name="pmid22482824">{{cite journal| author=Liu LL, Zheng WH, Tong ML, Liu GL, Zhang HL, Fu ZG et al.| title=Ischemic stroke as a primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative emergency patients. | journal=J Neurol Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 317 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 35-9 | pmid=22482824 | doi=10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22482824 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24365430">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger JR, Dean D |title=Neurosyphilis |journal=Handb Clin Neurol |volume=121 |issue= |pages=1461–72 |year=2014 |pmid=24365430 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00098-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22421697">{{cite journal| author=Ho EL, Marra CM| title=Treponemal tests for neurosyphilis--less accurate than what we thought? | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 39 | issue= 4 | pages= 298-9 | pmid=22421697 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31824ee574 | pmc=3746559 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22421697 }}</ref>
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Sexually transmitted disease|STI]]<nowiki/>s
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |'''↑''' [[Leukocytes]] and [[protein]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |CSF [[VDRL]]-specifc
| |
| CSF FTA-Ab -sensitive
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Blindness]], [[confusion]], [[depression]],
| |
| | |
| Abnormal [[gait]]
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| |-
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Complex or atypical [[migraine]]
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |Family history of [[migraine]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical assesment
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Presence of aura, [[nausea]], [[vomiting]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Hypertension]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical assesment
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Delirium]], [[cortical blindness]], [[cerebral edema]], [[seizure]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Wernicke's encephalopathy|Wernicke’s encephalopathy]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of alcohal abuse
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical assesment and lab findings
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ophthalmoplegia]], [[confusion]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Brain abscess|CNS abscess]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of [[drug abuse]], [[endocarditis]], [[immunosupression]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |'''↑''' leukocytes, '''↓''' glucose and '''↑''' protien
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |MRI is more sensitive and specific
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High grade [[fever]], [[fatigue]],[[nausea]], [[vomiting]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Drug toxicity]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
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| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Drug screen test
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Lithium]], [[Sedatives]], [[phenytoin]], [[carbamazepine]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Conversion disorder]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of [[emotional stress]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Diagnosis of exclusion
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Tremor|Tremors]], [[blindness]], difficulty [[swallowing]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Metabolic disturbances ([[electrolyte imbalance]], [[hypoglycemia]])
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hypoglycemia]], [[Hyponatremia|hypo]] and [[hypernatremia]], [[Hypokalemia|hypo]] and [[hyperkalemia]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Depends on the cause
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Confusion]], [[seizure]], [[Palpitation|palpitations]], [[sweating]], [[dizziness]], [[hypoglycemia]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Multiple sclerosis]] exacerbation<ref name="pmid8274111">{{cite journal| author=Giang DW, Grow VM, Mooney C, Mushlin AI, Goodman AD, Mattson DH et al.| title=Clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The impact of magnetic resonance imaging and ancillary testing. Rochester-Toronto Magnetic Resonance Study Group. | journal=Arch Neurol | year= 1994 | volume= 51 | issue= 1 | pages= 61-6 | pmid=8274111 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8274111 }}</ref>
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of relapses and remissions
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |'''↑''' CSF IgG levels
| |
| (monoclonal bands)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical assesment and [[MRI]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Blurred vision|Blurry vision]], [[urinary incontinence]], [[fatigue]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Seizure|Seizure<ref name="pmid11385043">{{cite journal| author=Manford M| title=Assessment and investigation of possible epileptic seizures. | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | year= 2001 | volume= 70 Suppl 2 | issue= | pages= II3-8 | pmid=11385043 | doi= | pmc=1765557 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11385043 }}</ref>]][./Traumatic_brain_injury_differential_diagnosis#cite_note-pmid11385043-12 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[12]</nowiki></span>]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |Previous history of [[seizures]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mass lesion
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical assesment and [[EEG]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Confusion]], [[apathy]], [[irritability]],
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |
