Tongue cancer pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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On gross pathology, exophytic, ulcerative, and infiltarative growth patterns are characteristic findings of tongue cancer. | On gross pathology, exophytic, ulcerative, and infiltarative growth patterns are characteristic findings of tongue cancer. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Genetics=== | |||
The mutations in tumor suppressor genes has been reported in patients with tongue cancer. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of tongue cancer include ''TP53'', which is located on chromosome 17. Other oncogenes associated with squamous cell cancers of the tongue include ''c-myc'' and ''erb -b1''. | The mutations in tumor suppressor genes has been reported in patients with tongue cancer. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of tongue cancer include ''TP53'', which is located on chromosome 17. Other oncogenes associated with squamous cell cancers of the tongue include ''c-myc'' and ''erb -b1''. | ||
===Gross pathology=== | ===Gross pathology=== | ||
Revision as of 17:48, 18 November 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of tongue cancer include TP53, c-myc, and erb-b1. On gross pathology, exophytic, ulcerative, and infiltarative growth patterns are characteristic findings of tongue cancer.
Pathophysiology
Genetics
The mutations in tumor suppressor genes has been reported in patients with tongue cancer. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of tongue cancer include TP53, which is located on chromosome 17. Other oncogenes associated with squamous cell cancers of the tongue include c-myc and erb -b1.
Gross pathology
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the tongue. It typically has three gross morphologic growth patterns: exophytic, ulcerative, and infiltrative. The infiltrative and ulcerative are the types most commonly observed on the tongue.
Pathogenesis
- Leukoplakia and erythroplakia have the greatest potential for malignant transformation.
- Leukoplakia is considered a premalignant condition from the chronic irritation of the mucous membranes, resulting in increased rates of epithelial and connective tissue proliferation.
- Leukoplakia usually occurs after the age of 40 years, with the peak incidence before age 50 years. Leukoplakia is 2-3 times more common in men than in women.
- The rates of malignant transformation of leukoplakic lesions range from less than 1% to as high as 17.5%, averaging 4.5-6%. Erythroleukoplakia (leukoplakia erosiva) and nodular leukoplakia exhibit the highest rate of malignant transformation.
- Erythroplakia is defined as a red, velvety plaque found on the oral mucosa that cannot be ascribed to any other predetermined condition. No sex predilection is recognized in erythroplakia and it is rarely found on the tongue compared with other sites in the oral cavity. Erothroplakia is considered as the earliest sign of asymptomatic cancer by Mashberg.[1]
References
- ↑ A. Mashberg (1978). "Erythroplasia: the earliest sign of asymptomatic oral cancer". Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). 96 (4): 615–620. PMID 0273632. Unknown parameter
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