Strychnine poisoning: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
{{Infobox_Disease |
{{Infobox_Disease |
   Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
   Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
   Image          = Strychnine2.jpg  |
   Image          = Strychnine2.jpg  |
   Caption        = [[Strychnine]] |
   Caption        = [[Strychnine]] |
  DiseasesDB    = |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|T|65|1|t|51}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|989.1}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  MeshID        = |
}}
}}
{{SI}}
{{Strychnine poisoning}}
{{CMG}}
'''For patient information, click [[Strychnine poisoning (patient information)|here]]'''


'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
{{CMG}}''' Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
==[[Strychnine poisoning overview|Overview]]==


==[[Strychnine poisoning pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Strychnine poisoning causes|Causes]]==


==Overview==
==[[Strychnine poisoning differential diagnosis|Differentiating Strychnine Poisoning from other Diseases]]==
'''[[Strychnine]] poisoning''' can be fatal to humans and can be introduced to the body by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth. It produces some of the most dramatic and painful symptoms of any known toxic reaction. For this reason, strychnine poisoning is often used in literature and film.


==Presentation==
==[[Strychnine poisoning epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
Ten to twenty minutes after exposure,  the body's [[muscle]]s begin to spasm, starting with the head and neck. The spasms then spread to every muscle in the body, with nearly continuous convulsions, and get worse at the slightest stimulus. The convulsions progress, increasing in intensity and frequency until the backbone arches continually. Death comes from asphyxiation caused by paralysis of the neural pathways that control breathing, or by exhaustion from the convulsions. The subject will die within 2–3 hours after exposure. At the point of death, the body "freezes" immediately, even in the middle of a convulsion, resulting in instantaneous [[rigor mortis]].


==Treatment==
==[[Strychnine poisoning risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
There is no specific antidote for strychnine. Treatment of strychnine poisoning involves an oral application of an [[Activated carbon|activated charcoal]] infusion which serves to absorb any poison within the digestive tract that has not yet been absorbed into the blood. Anticonvulsants such as [[phenobarbital]] or [[diazepam]] are administered to control convulsions, along with muscle relaxants such as [[dantrolene]] to combat muscle rigidity.<ref>[http://www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk/studentwebs/session2/group12/strychni.htm Strychnine:<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> If the patient survives past 24 hours, recovery is probable.


The treatment for strychnine poisoning in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was to administer [[tannic acid]] which precipitates the strychnine as an insoluble tannate salt, and then to [[anesthesia|anaesthetise]] the patient with [[chloroform]] until the effects of the strychnine had worn off.
==[[Strychnine poisoning natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==Diagnosis==
[[Strychnine poisoning history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Strychnine poisoning physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Strychnine poisoning laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Strychnine poisoning  other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Strychnine poisoning other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==References==
==Treatment==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Strychnine poisoning medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Strychnine poisoning primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Strychnine poisoning secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]]  | [[Strychnine poisoning cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Strychnine poisoning future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
==Case Studies==
[[Strychnine poisoning case study one|Case #1]]


==External links==
==External Links==
* http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/213700.htm
* http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/213700.htm


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[[Category:Toxicology]]
[[Category:Toxicology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]


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Latest revision as of 14:49, 13 February 2013

Strychnine poisoning
Strychnine

Strychnine Poisoning Microchapters

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Overview

Pathophysiology

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Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

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Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Strychnine Poisoning from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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