Sleep apnea epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
The prevalence of sleep apnea is rising in the general population. The prevalence is higher with individuals that are older than 60-65 years, males, and certain races such as African Americans. The prevalence in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia are similar which suggests that the disease is common in developed and developing countries.
Prevalence
- Estimates of disease prevalence in general are in the range of 3% to 7%[1]
- 3 to 7% for adult men and 2 to 5% for adult women in the general population[2]
Age
- Increases 2-3 times in individuals older than 60-65 years[3]
Gender
- The male-to-female ratio is 2-3:1[4]
- This may be due to males typically having a larger neck circumference and a longer pharyngeal airway, which make them more susceptible to sleep apnea
Race
- African-Americans have a 2.5 times greater risk of obstructive sleep apnea than Caucasians[5]
- Chinese and Caucasians have the same prevalence
- Chinese patients with OSA have a more crowded upper airway and relative retrognathia compared to Caucasians - therefore OSA in the Chinese is due to craniofacial factors rather tun obesity[6]
Developed Countries
- The prevalence in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia are similar which suggests that the disease is common in developed and developing countries[2]
Developing Countries
- Although the prevalence of sleep apnea is the same in developed and developing countries, many physicians are not aware of its diagnosis and management[7]
References
- ↑ Punjabi NM (2008). "The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea". Proc Am Thorac Soc. 5 (2): 136–43. doi:10.1513/pats.200709-155MG. PMC 2645248. PMID 18250205.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Punjabi, N. M. (2008). "The Epidemiology of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea". Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 5 (2): 136–143. doi:10.1513/pats.200709-155MG. ISSN 1546-3222.
- ↑ Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Ten Have T, Tyson K, Kales A (1998). "Effects of age on sleep apnea in men: I. Prevalence and severity". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 157 (1): 144–8. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.9706079. PMID 9445292.
- ↑ Redline S, Kump K, Tishler PV, Browner I, Ferrette V (1994). "Gender differences in sleep disordered breathing in a community-based sample". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 149 (3 Pt 1): 722–6. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.3.8118642. PMID 8118642.
- ↑ Cakirer B, Hans MG, Graham G, Aylor J, Tishler PV, Redline S (2001). "The relationship between craniofacial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea in whites and in African-Americans". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 163 (4): 947–50. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.4.2005136. PMID 11282771.
- ↑ Patil SP, Schneider H, Schwartz AR, Smith PL (2007). "Adult obstructive sleep apnea: pathophysiology and diagnosis". Chest. 132 (1): 325–37. doi:10.1378/chest.07-0040. PMC 2813513. PMID 17625094.
- ↑ Hussain SF, Zahid S, Haqqee R, Khan JA (2003). "General physicians' perspective of sleep apnea from a developing country". Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 34 (2): 420–3. PMID 12971574.