Sleep apnea epidemiology and demographics
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Overview
Prevalence
Overview[edit | edit source] The overview section should include the disease name in the first sentence. The goal is to summarize the page several sentences, and the section can be the same as the Epidemiology and demographics segment on the overview page. To see an example, click here. You can use one of the following template sentences listed below:
The prevalence of (insert disease sate here) is _____ per 100,000 (___%) of the overall population. Males and females are equally affected. (insert disease state here) is a major health problem affecting _____ persons in the United States and ____ persons worldwide, or (insert disease state here) is a common health problem affecting _____ persons in the United States and ____ persons worldwide, or (insert disease state here) is a common health problem that tends to more often affect the ____ (elderly for example) and _____ (men for example). (insert disease state here) is a rare disease (defined as a prevalence of < 50 per 100,000 persons or < 200,000 persons affected in the United States) with a prevalence of ______ per 100,000 persons.
Prevalence
- The increase in prevalence of sleep apnea in the United States is correlated with obesity and increased awareness
Incidence
Age
- Increases 2-3 times in individuals older than 65 years compared with individuals aged 30-64 years[1]
Gender
- 3 to 7% for adult men and 2 to 5% for adult women in the general population[2]
- The male-to-female ratio is 2-3:1[3]
- This is due to males typically having a larger neck circumference and a longer pharyngeal airway, which make them more susceptible to sleep apnea
Race
- African-Americans have a 2.5 times greater risk of obstructive sleep apnea than Caucasians[4]
- Chinese and Caucasians have the same prevalence
- Chinese patients with OSA have a more crowded upper airway and relative retrognathia compared to Caucasians - therefore OSA in the Chinese is due to craniofacial factors rather tun obesity[5]
Developed Countries
- The prevalence in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia are similar which suggests that the disease is common in developed and developing countries[2]
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Ten Have T, Tyson K, Kales A (1998). "Effects of age on sleep apnea in men: I. Prevalence and severity". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 157 (1): 144–8. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.9706079. PMID 9445292.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Punjabi, N. M. (2008). "The Epidemiology of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea". Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 5 (2): 136–143. doi:10.1513/pats.200709-155MG. ISSN 1546-3222.
- ↑ Redline S, Kump K, Tishler PV, Browner I, Ferrette V (1994). "Gender differences in sleep disordered breathing in a community-based sample". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 149 (3 Pt 1): 722–6. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.3.8118642. PMID 8118642.
- ↑ Cakirer B, Hans MG, Graham G, Aylor J, Tishler PV, Redline S (2001). "The relationship between craniofacial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea in whites and in African-Americans". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 163 (4): 947–50. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.4.2005136. PMID 11282771.
- ↑ Patil SP, Schneider H, Schwartz AR, Smith PL (2007). "Adult obstructive sleep apnea: pathophysiology and diagnosis". Chest. 132 (1): 325–37. doi:10.1378/chest.07-0040. PMC 2813513. PMID 17625094.