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==Overview==
*The prevalence of [[schizophrenia]] is 300 to 700 per 100,000 (0.3%-0.7%) of the overall population.<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>


==Epidemiology==
*It occurs 1.4 times more frequently in males than females and typically appears earlier in men[14]—the peak ages of onset are 25 years for males and 27 years for females.[174]
Schizophrenia occurs equally in males and females although typically appears earlier in men with the peak ages of onset being 20–28 years for males and 26–32 years for females. Much rarer are instances of childhood-onset<ref name="Kumra_et_al_2001">Kumra S, Shaw M, Merka P, Nakayama E, Augustin R. (2001) Childhood-onset schizophrenia: research update. ''Canadian Journal of Psychiatry'', 46 (10), 923–30.</ref> and late- (middle age) or very-late-onset (old age) schizophrenia.<ref name="Howard_2005">Hassett A, Ames D, Chiu E (eds) (2005) Psychosis in the Elderly. London: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 18418439446</ref> The [[lifetime prevalence]] of schizophrenia, that is, the proportion of individuals expected to experience the disease at any time in their lives, is commonly given at 1%. A 2002 [[systematic review]] of many studies, however, found a lifetime prevalence of 0.55%. Despite the received wisdom that schizophrenia occurs at similar rates throughout the world, its prevalence varies across the world,<ref name="Jablensky_et_al_1992">Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Ernberg G, et al. (1992) Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. A World Health Organization ten-country study. ''Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement'', 20, 1–97. PMID 1565705</ref> within countries,<ref name="Kirkbride_et_al_2006">Kirkbride JB, Fearon P, Morgan C, et al. (2006) Heterogeneity in incidence rates of schizophrenia and other psychotic syndromes: findings From the 3-center ÆSOP study. ''Archives of General Psychiatry'', 63, 250–258. PMID 16520429</ref> and at the local and neighbourhood level.<ref name="Kirkbride_et_al_2007">Kirkbride JB, Fearon P, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Morgan K, Murray RM, Jones PB. (2007) Neighbourhood variation in the incidence of psychotic disorders in Southeast London. ''Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology'', 42(6), 438-45. PMID 17473901</ref> One particularly stable and replicable finding has been the association between living in an urban environment and schizophrenia diagnosis, even after factors such as drug use, ethnic group and size of social group have been controlled for.<ref name="fn_19">Van Os J. (2004). Does the urban environment cause psychosis? ''British Journal of Psychiatry'', 184 (4), 287&ndash;288. PMID 15056569</ref> Schizophrenia is known to be a major cause of [[disability]]. In a 1999 study of 14 countries, active [[psychosis]] was ranked the third-most-disabling condition, after [[quadriplegia]] and [[dementia]] and before [[paraplegia]] and [[blindness]].<ref name="fn_35">Ustun TB, Rehm J, Chatterji S, Saxena S, Trotter R, Room R, Bickenbach J, and the WHO/NIH Joint Project CAR Study Group (1999). Multiple-informant ranking of the disabling effects of different health conditions in 14 countries. ''[[The Lancet]]'', 354(9173), 111&ndash;115. PMID 10408486</ref>
*Onset in childhood is much rarer, as is onset in middle or old age.[175][176]
 
*Despite the prior belief that schizophrenia occurs at similar rates worldwide, its frequency varies across the world, within countries, and at the local and neighborhood level.[5][177][178][179]
*This variation has been estimated to be fivefold.[4]  
*It causes approximately one percent of worldwide disability adjusted life years and resulted in 20,000 deaths in 2010.[180]  
*The rate of schizophrenia varies up to threefold depending on how it is defined.[9][14]
 
*In 2000, the World Health Organization found the percentage of people affected and the number of new cases that develop each year is roughly similar around the world, with age-standardized prevalence per 100,000 ranging from 343 in Africa to 544 in Japan and Oceania for men, and from 378 in Africa to 527 in Southeastern Europe for women.[181]  
*About 1.1% of adults have schizophrenia in the United States.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 00:05, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2] Irfan Dotani

Overview

  • The prevalence of schizophrenia is 300 to 700 per 100,000 (0.3%-0.7%) of the overall population.[1]
  • It occurs 1.4 times more frequently in males than females and typically appears earlier in men[14]—the peak ages of onset are 25 years for males and 27 years for females.[174]
  • Onset in childhood is much rarer, as is onset in middle or old age.[175][176]
  • Despite the prior belief that schizophrenia occurs at similar rates worldwide, its frequency varies across the world, within countries, and at the local and neighborhood level.[5][177][178][179]
  • This variation has been estimated to be fivefold.[4]
  • It causes approximately one percent of worldwide disability adjusted life years and resulted in 20,000 deaths in 2010.[180]
  • The rate of schizophrenia varies up to threefold depending on how it is defined.[9][14]
  • In 2000, the World Health Organization found the percentage of people affected and the number of new cases that develop each year is roughly similar around the world, with age-standardized prevalence per 100,000 ranging from 343 in Africa to 544 in Japan and Oceania for men, and from 378 in Africa to 527 in Southeastern Europe for women.[181]
  • About 1.1% of adults have schizophrenia in the United States.

References

  1. ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
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