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=Causes= | |||
===Common Causes=== | |||
*Post-surgical (Most common cause)<ref name="pmid11117980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marx SJ |title=Hyperparathyroid and hypoparathyroid disorders |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=343 |issue=25 |pages=1863–75 |year=2000 |pmid=11117980 |doi=10.1056/NEJM200012213432508 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Thyroidectomy]] | |||
**Parathyroidectomy | |||
**Radical neck dissection | |||
*Autoimmune | |||
**Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome | |||
===Less Common Causes=== | |||
*Infiltration and/or destruction of parathyroid glands | |||
*Genetic causes | |||
===Genetic Causes=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 21:06, 19 September 2017
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Hyperparathyroidism Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Sandbox : anmol On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sandbox : anmol |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]
Classification
| Classification of hyperparathyridism | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Features | Primary hyperparathyroidism | Secondary hyperparathyroidism | Tertiary hyperparathyroidism |
| Pathology | Hyperfunction of parathyroid cells due to hyperplasia, adenoma or carcinoma. | Physiological stimulation of parathyroid in response to hypocalcaemia. | Following long term physiological stimulation leading to hyperplasia. |
| Cause | |||
| Associations | May be associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia. | Usually due to chronic renal failure or other causes of Vitamin D deficiency. | Seen in chronic renal failure. |
| Serum calcium | High | Low/Normal | High |
| Serum phosphate | Low/Normal | High | High |
| Management | Usually surgery if symptomatic. Cincacalcet can be considered in those not fit for surgery. | Treatment of underlying cause. | Usually cinacalcet or surgery in those that don't respond. |
Causes
Common Causes
- Post-surgical (Most common cause)[1]
- Thyroidectomy
- Parathyroidectomy
- Radical neck dissection
- Autoimmune
- Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome
Less Common Causes
- Infiltration and/or destruction of parathyroid glands
- Genetic causes
Genetic Causes
References
- ↑ Marx SJ (2000). "Hyperparathyroid and hypoparathyroid disorders". N. Engl. J. Med. 343 (25): 1863–75. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432508. PMID 11117980.