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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Hyperparathyroidism}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Anmol}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Anmol}} |
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| == Classification == | | ==Tables== |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| ! colspan="4" |Classification of hyperparathyridism | | |+ |
| | !Diagnosis |
| | !Lab findings |
| | ! |
| | ! |
| |- | | |- |
| |Features
| | ! |
| |'''Primary hyperparathyroidism'''
| | ! |
| |'''Secondary hyperparathyroidism'''
| | ! |
| |'''Tertiary hyperparathyroidism'''
| | ! |
| |- | | |- |
| |Pathology | | | |
| |Hyperfunction of parathyroid cells due to hyperplasia, adenoma or carcinoma. | | | |
| |Physiological stimulation of parathyroid in response to hypocalcaemia. | | | |
| |Following long term physiological stimulation leading to hyperplasia. | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| |Cause | | | |
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| |- | | |- |
| |Associations | | | |
| |May be associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia. | | | |
| |Usually due to chronic renal failure or other causes of Vitamin D deficiency. | | | |
| |Seen in chronic renal failure. | | | |
| |-
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| |Serum calcium
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| |High
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| |Low/Normal
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| |High
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| |-
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| |Serum phosphate
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| |Low/Normal
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| |High
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| |High
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| |-
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| |Management
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| |Usually surgery if symptomatic. Cincacalcet can be considered in those not fit for surgery.
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| |Treatment of underlying cause.
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| |Usually cinacalcet or surgery in those that don't respond.
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| |} | | |} |
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| =Causes= | | ==References== |
| ==Overview==
| | {{reflist|2}} |
| Hyperparathyroidism is caused by an increase in concentration of parathyroid hormone in serum.
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| There are three type of hyperparathyroidism including primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
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| The causes of all hyperparathyroidism is different.
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| ==Causes of Primary hyperparathyroidism==
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| Causes of primary hyperparathyroidism are as follows:
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| ===Common cause===
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| *Parathyroid adenoma
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| ===Less common cause===
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| *Parathyroid hyperplasia
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| *Parathyroid carcinoma
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| *Radiation exposure leading to parathyroid adenoma or parathyroid hyperplasia<ref name="pmid18774659">{{cite journal| author=McMullen T, Bodie G, Gill A, Ihre-Lundgren C, Shun A, Bergin M et al.| title=Hyperparathyroidism after irradiation for childhood malignancy. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 2009 | volume= 73 | issue= 4 | pages= 1164-8 | pmid=18774659 | doi=10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1487 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18774659 }} </ref>
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| ==Causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism==
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| Causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism are as follows:
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| ===Common cause===
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| *Chronic renal failure
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| *Vitamin D deficiency
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| ===Less common cause===
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| *Severe calcium deficiency
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| ==Causes of tertiary hyperparathyroidism==
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| Causes of tertiary hyperparathyroidism are as follows:
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| ===Common cause===
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| *Chronic renal failure
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