Rubella risk factors: Difference between revisions

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{{Rubella}}
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==Overview==
The [[Risk factor|risk factors]] predisposing for [[rubella]] [[infection]] include: contact with infected patient and not receiving [[immunization]] according to the standard schedule.


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
The following risk factors predispose to get rubella infection:  
The following risk factors predispose to get rubella infection: <ref name="pmid420376">{{cite journal| author=Chappell JA, Taylor MA| title=Implications of rubella susceptibility in young adults. | journal=Am J Public Health | year= 1979 | volume= 69 | issue= 3 | pages= 279-81 | pmid=420376 | doi= | pmc=1619093 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=420376  }} </ref>
*Contact with infected patient
*Contact with infected patient
*Failure to get vaccinated
*Failure to get vaccinated
*Overcrowding
*Overcrowding<ref name="pmid1303318">{{cite journal| author=Zhao J| title=[An outbreak of rubella with a cinema as source]. | journal=Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi | year= 1992 | volume= 13 | issue= 6 | pages= 359-61 | pmid=1303318 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1303318  }} </ref>
Pregnant women who get infected with rubella virus also expose their babies. This can cause serious [[birth defects]] such as heart problems, hearing and [[vision loss]], intellectual disability, and [[liver]] or [[spleen]] damage. Serious birth defects are more common if a woman is infected early in her pregnancy, especially in the first 12 weeks. Getting rubella infection during pregnancy can also cause a [[miscarriage]] or premature delivery.
*Poor immune response to the [[vaccine]]<ref name="pmid21297842">{{cite journal| author=Bowen-Roberts P| title=Rubella susceptibility: a solo family physician survey. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 1980 | volume= 26 | issue=  | pages= 81-2 | pmid=21297842 | doi= | pmc=2383545 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21297842  }} </ref>
 
*Medical personnel<ref name="pmid7402219">{{cite journal| author=Polk BF, White JA, DeGirolami PC, Modlin JF| title=An outbreak of rubella among hospital personnel. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1980 | volume= 303 | issue= 10 | pages= 541-5 | pmid=7402219 | doi=10.1056/NEJM198009043031001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7402219  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24356729">{{cite journal| author=Borràs E, Campins M, Esteve M, Urbiztondo L, Broner S, Bayas JM et al.| title=Are healthcare workers immune to rubella? | journal=Hum Vaccin Immunother | year= 2014 | volume= 10 | issue= 3 | pages= 686-91 | pmid=24356729 | doi= | pmc=4130266 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24356729  }} </ref>
Pregnant women should not get rubella vaccine. They should wait to get vaccinated after they have given birth.
 
If you are planning to get pregnant, make sure you are protected from rubella beforehand. A blood test—an antibody titer—done by your doctor can tell you if you are already immune to rubella. If you are not immune, you should get vaccinated. Wait at least four weeks before getting pregnant.
 
Children should also be vaccinated on time to prevent rubella from spreading to pregnant women.


==References==
==References==
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{{Reflist|2}}
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[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Togaviruses]]
[[Category:Togaviruses]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
 
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
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[[Category:Disease]]
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[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]

Latest revision as of 00:04, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The risk factors predisposing for rubella infection include: contact with infected patient and not receiving immunization according to the standard schedule.

Risk Factors

The following risk factors predispose to get rubella infection: [1]

  • Contact with infected patient
  • Failure to get vaccinated
  • Overcrowding[2]
  • Poor immune response to the vaccine[3]
  • Medical personnel[4][5]

References

  1. Chappell JA, Taylor MA (1979). "Implications of rubella susceptibility in young adults". Am J Public Health. 69 (3): 279–81. PMC 1619093. PMID 420376.
  2. Zhao J (1992). "[An outbreak of rubella with a cinema as source]". Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 13 (6): 359–61. PMID 1303318.
  3. Bowen-Roberts P (1980). "Rubella susceptibility: a solo family physician survey". Can Fam Physician. 26: 81–2. PMC 2383545. PMID 21297842.
  4. Polk BF, White JA, DeGirolami PC, Modlin JF (1980). "An outbreak of rubella among hospital personnel". N Engl J Med. 303 (10): 541–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM198009043031001. PMID 7402219.
  5. Borràs E, Campins M, Esteve M, Urbiztondo L, Broner S, Bayas JM; et al. (2014). "Are healthcare workers immune to rubella?". Hum Vaccin Immunother. 10 (3): 686–91. PMC 4130266. PMID 24356729.

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