Rabies diagnostic criteria: Difference between revisions
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{{Rabies}} | {{Rabies}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{IQ}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Rabies is a [[clinical]] diagnosis that includes a thorough medical history and a high degree of suspicion. Laboratory findings that help with the diagnosis of rabies include skin [[biopsy]] specimens showing [[virus]]-specific [[immunofluorescent]] [[staining]], [[Isolation (health care)|isolation]] of [[virus]] from the samples of [[saliva]] and detection of anti-rabies [[antibodies]] in [[serum]] or [[Cerebrospinal fluid|cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)]]. | |||
==Diagnostic Criteria== | ==Diagnostic Criteria== | ||
The diagnosis of rabies is made on the basis of clinical and | The [[diagnosis]] of rabies is made on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. | ||
*Clinical diagnosis: | *Clinical diagnosis: | ||
**A detailed medical history | **A detailed medical history | ||
**High index of suspicion (hydrophobia and aerophobia suggest encephalitic rabies)<ref name="pmid23861361">{{cite journal |vauthors=Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, Lauring AS, Sejvar J, Bitnun A, Stahl JP, Mailles A, Drebot M, Rupprecht CE, Yoder J, Cope JR, Wilson MR, Whitley RJ, Sullivan J, Granerod J, Jones C, Eastwood K, Ward KN, Durrheim DN, Solbrig MV, Guo-Dong L, Glaser CA |title=Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=57 |issue=8 |pages=1114–28 |year=2013 |pmid=23861361 |pmc=3783060 |doi=10.1093/cid/cit458 |url=}}</ref> | **High index of suspicion ([[hydrophobia]] and aerophobia suggest encephalitic rabies)<ref name="pmid23861361">{{cite journal |vauthors=Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, Lauring AS, Sejvar J, Bitnun A, Stahl JP, Mailles A, Drebot M, Rupprecht CE, Yoder J, Cope JR, Wilson MR, Whitley RJ, Sullivan J, Granerod J, Jones C, Eastwood K, Ward KN, Durrheim DN, Solbrig MV, Guo-Dong L, Glaser CA |title=Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=57 |issue=8 |pages=1114–28 |year=2013 |pmid=23861361 |pmc=3783060 |doi=10.1093/cid/cit458 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Acute worsening of neurological functioning regardless of any previous history of animal bite or exposure | **[[Acute]] worsening of [[neurological]] functioning regardless of any previous history of [[animal bite]] or exposure | ||
*Laboratory diagnosis: | **Ruling out other treatable [[causes]] of [[encephalitis]]<ref name="pmid12144896">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rupprecht CE, Hanlon CA, Hemachudha T |title=Rabies re-examined |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=327–43 |year=2002 |pmid=12144896 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
** | *[[Laboratory]] diagnosis: | ||
**[[Skin biopsy]] specimens showing [[virus]]-specific [[immunofluorescent]] [[staining]] | |||
**[[Isolation (health care)|Isolation]] of [[virus]] from the samples of [[saliva]] | |||
**Detection of anti-rabies [[antibodies]] in [[serum]] or [[Cerebrospinal fluid|cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category: (name of the system)]] | |||
[[Category:(name of the system)]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
Latest revision as of 23:56, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Iqra Qamar M.D.[2]
Overview
Rabies is a clinical diagnosis that includes a thorough medical history and a high degree of suspicion. Laboratory findings that help with the diagnosis of rabies include skin biopsy specimens showing virus-specific immunofluorescent staining, isolation of virus from the samples of saliva and detection of anti-rabies antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Diagnostic Criteria
The diagnosis of rabies is made on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings.
- Clinical diagnosis:
- A detailed medical history
- High index of suspicion (hydrophobia and aerophobia suggest encephalitic rabies)[1]
- Acute worsening of neurological functioning regardless of any previous history of animal bite or exposure
- Ruling out other treatable causes of encephalitis[2]
- Laboratory diagnosis:
- Skin biopsy specimens showing virus-specific immunofluorescent staining
- Isolation of virus from the samples of saliva
- Detection of anti-rabies antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
References
- ↑ Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, Lauring AS, Sejvar J, Bitnun A, Stahl JP, Mailles A, Drebot M, Rupprecht CE, Yoder J, Cope JR, Wilson MR, Whitley RJ, Sullivan J, Granerod J, Jones C, Eastwood K, Ward KN, Durrheim DN, Solbrig MV, Guo-Dong L, Glaser CA (2013). "Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium". Clin. Infect. Dis. 57 (8): 1114–28. doi:10.1093/cid/cit458. PMC 3783060. PMID 23861361.
- ↑ Rupprecht CE, Hanlon CA, Hemachudha T (2002). "Rabies re-examined". Lancet Infect Dis. 2 (6): 327–43. PMID 12144896.