Prolactinoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Faizan}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Faizan}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Prolactinoma]] may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). A minority of prolactinomas are associated with [[Carney complex]], [[McCune-Albright Syndrome]], MEN like syndrome (''CKDN1B'' loss of function).<ref name = Radiopedia>http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma</ref>
[[Prolactinoma]] may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). A minority of prolactinomas are associated with [[Carney complex]], [[McCune-Albright Syndrome]], MEN like syndrome (''CKDN1B'' loss of function).<ref name="Radiopedia">http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma</ref>


==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==


==Associated Diseases==
==Associated Diseases==
[[Prolactinoma]] may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] (MEN 1). A minority of prolactinomas are associated with:<ref name = Radiopedia>http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma</ref>
[[Prolactinoma]] may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] (MEN 1). A minority of prolactinomas are associated with:<ref name="Radiopedia">http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma</ref>
*Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I)
*[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I]] ([[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1|MEN I]])
*[[Carney complex]]
*[[Carney complex]]
*[[McCune-Albright Syndrome]]
*[[McCune-Albright Syndrome]]
*MEN like syndrome (''CKDN1B'' loss of function)
*MEN like syndrome (''CKDN1B'' loss of function)
====Familial pituitary adenomas====
====Familial pituitary adenomas====
A pituitary adenoma may be part of a familial syndrome:<ref name=pmid19564887>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Elston | first1 = MS. | last2 = McDonald | first2 = KL. | last3 = Clifton-Bligh | first3 = RJ. | last4 = Robinson | first4 = BG. | title = Familial pituitary tumor syndromes. | journal = Nat Rev Endocrinol | volume = 5 | issue = 8 | pages = 453-61 | month = Aug | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1038/nrendo.2009.126 | PMID = 19564887 }}</ref>
A pituitary adenoma may be part of a familial syndrome:<ref name="pmid19564887">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Elston | first1 = MS. | last2 = McDonald | first2 = KL. | last3 = Clifton-Bligh | first3 = RJ. | last4 = Robinson | first4 = BG. | title = Familial pituitary tumor syndromes. | journal = Nat Rev Endocrinol | volume = 5 | issue = 8 | pages = 453-61 | month = Aug | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1038/nrendo.2009.126 | PMID = 19564887 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! Syndrome
! Syndrome
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! Notes
! Notes
|-
|-
| [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]] I
| [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1|Multiple endocrine neoplasia I]]
| ''MEN1''
| ''MEN1''
| characterized by the 3 Ps: '''p'''ituitary adenoma, [[parathyroid adenoma|'''p'''arathyroid adenoma]], '''p'''ancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
| characterized by the 3 Ps: '''p'''ituitary adenoma, [[parathyroid adenoma|'''p'''arathyroid adenoma]], '''p'''ancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
|-
|-
| MEN-1-like syndrome
| MEN-1-like syndrome
| ''CDKN1B''<ref name=omim600778>{{OMIM|600778}}</ref>
| ''CDKN1B''<ref name="omim600778">{{OMIM|600778}}</ref>
| also known as ''Multiple endocrine neoplasia IV''<ref name=omim600778>{{OMIM|600778}}</ref>
| also known as ''Multiple endocrine neoplasia IV''<ref name="omim600778">{{OMIM|600778}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Carney syndrome]]
| [[Carney syndrome]]
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| other findings (mnemonic ''NAME''): nevi, [[atrial myxoma]], myxoid neurofibroma, ephelides (freckles)
| other findings (mnemonic ''NAME''): nevi, [[atrial myxoma]], myxoid neurofibroma, ephelides (freckles)
|-
|-
| Isolated [[pituitary adenoma]]<ref name=pmid22612670>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Korbonits | first1 = M. | last2 = Storr | first2 = H. | last3 = Kumar | first3 = AV. | title = Familial pituitary adenomas - Who should be tested for AIP mutations? | journal = Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = May | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04445.x | PMID = 22612670 }}</ref>
| Isolated [[pituitary adenoma]]<ref name="pmid22612670">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Korbonits | first1 = M. | last2 = Storr | first2 = H. | last3 = Kumar | first3 = AV. | title = Familial pituitary adenomas - Who should be tested for AIP mutations? | journal = Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = May | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04445.x | PMID = 22612670 }}</ref>
| ''AIP''
| ''AIP''
| classically growth hormone-producing adenoma - leads to [[acromegaly]]
| classically growth hormone-producing adenoma - leads to [[acromegaly]]

Revision as of 13:24, 19 July 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]

Overview

Prolactinoma may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). A minority of prolactinomas are associated with Carney complex, McCune-Albright Syndrome, MEN like syndrome (CKDN1B loss of function).[1]

Pathophysiology

Associated Diseases

Prolactinoma may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). A minority of prolactinomas are associated with:[1]

Familial pituitary adenomas

A pituitary adenoma may be part of a familial syndrome:[2]

Syndrome Gene Notes
Multiple endocrine neoplasia I MEN1 characterized by the 3 Ps: pituitary adenoma, parathyroid adenoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
MEN-1-like syndrome CDKN1B[3] also known as Multiple endocrine neoplasia IV[3]
Carney syndrome PRKAR1A other findings (mnemonic NAME): nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, ephelides (freckles)
Isolated pituitary adenoma[4] AIP classically growth hormone-producing adenoma - leads to acromegaly

Microscopic Pathology

Features of prolactinoma include:

Notes:

  • Smears very well

Stains

  • Reticulin - loss of reticulin between tumor cells

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma
  2. Elston, MS.; McDonald, KL.; Clifton-Bligh, RJ.; Robinson, BG. (2009). "Familial pituitary tumor syndromes". Nat Rev Endocrinol. 5 (8): 453–61. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.126. PMID 19564887. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. 3.0 3.1 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 600778
  4. Korbonits, M.; Storr, H.; Kumar, AV. (2012). "Familial pituitary adenomas - Who should be tested for AIP mutations?". Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04445.x. PMID 22612670. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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