Peptic ulcer epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ;Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
In Western countries the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infections roughly matches age (i.e., 20% at age 20, 30% at age 30, 80% at age 80 etc). Prevalence is higher in third world countries. Transmission is by food, contaminated groundwater, and through human saliva (such as from kissing or sharing food utensils.)
According to Mayo Clinic, however, there is no evidence that the infection can be transmitted by kissing:
"No evidence indicates that this bacterial infection is transmitted by sharing food or kissing." (http://www.mayoclinic.org/peptic-ulcers/qanda.html)
A minority of cases of Helicobacter infection will eventually lead to an ulcer and a larger proportion of people will get non-specific discomfort, abdominal pain or gastritis. The prevalence of infection is greater in developing countries and is influenced by socioeconomic conditions, ethnic background and age. In the Philippines, there is scarcity of published data regarding the epidemiology of this bacterium. Locally unpublished reports revealed a prevalence of 5.6% seropositivity rate in children and 60% among 136 adult Filipino patients with dyspepsia using the Clotest® (Cabahug et. al. 2003 and Caballero et al., 1997, unpublished data). A lower prevalence rate of 42% was reported by Daez et. al. in 2002 (unpublished data) among 375 patients undergoing endoscopy at the Philippine General Hospital utilizing the rapid urease test and histopathology.
Incidence
- The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- The incidence and prevalence of H. pylori infection are generally higher among people born outside North America than among people born here. Within North America, the prevalence of the infection is higher in certain racial and ethnic groups, the socially disadvantaged, and people who have immigrated to North America
Prevalence
- The prevalence of peptic ulcer disease is approximately 23.1 per 100,000 individuals but higher in men 29.4 per 100,000 than women 14.9 per 100,000[1]
- The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
- The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
Age
- Peptic ulcer disease is acquired during childhood.
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Race
- Peptic ulcer disease usually affects individuals of the African Americans with a higher proportion of African ancestry race and Mexican Americans[2][3].Non-Hispanic whites individuals are less likely to develop the peptic ulcer disease.
Gender
- Peptic ulcer disease rates for male and female children are similar[4].
- Men are more commonly affected by peptic ulcer disease than women in adulhood[1].
The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
East Asia
- The majority of peptic ulcer disease cases are reported in immigrants from East Asia[5][6].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Developed Countries
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Naja F, Kreiger N, Sullivan T (2007). "Helicobacter pylori infection in Ontario: prevalence and risk factors". Can. J. Gastroenterol. 21 (8): 501–6. PMC 2657974. PMID 17703249.
- ↑ Nguyen T, Ramsey D, Graham D, Shaib Y, Shiota S, Velez M, Cole R, Anand B, Vela M, El-Serag HB (2015). "The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Remains High in African American and Hispanic Veterans". Helicobacter. 20 (4): 305–15. doi:10.1111/hel.12199. PMID 25689684.
- ↑ Everhart JE, Kruszon-Moran D, Perez-Perez GI, Tralka TS, McQuillan G (2000). "Seroprevalence and ethnic differences in Helicobacter pylori infection among adults in the United States". J. Infect. Dis. 181 (4): 1359–63. doi:10.1086/315384. PMID 10762567.
- ↑ de Martel C, Parsonnet J (2006). "Helicobacter pylori infection and gender: a meta-analysis of population-based prevalence surveys". Dig. Dis. Sci. 51 (12): 2292–301. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9210-5. PMID 17089189.
- ↑ Siao D, Somsouk M (2014). "Helicobacter pylori: evidence-based review with a focus on immigrant populations". J Gen Intern Med. 29 (3): 520–8. doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2630-y. PMC 3930769. PMID 24065381.
- ↑ Perez-Perez GI, Olivares AZ, Foo FY, Foo S, Neusy AJ, Ng C, Holzman RS, Marmor M, Blaser MJ (2005). "Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in New York City populations originating in East Asia". J Urban Health. 82 (3): 510–6. doi:10.1093/jurban/jti093. PMC 3456059. PMID 16033932.