Peptic ulcer epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The [[incidence]] and [[prevalence]] of [[Helicobacter pylori infection]] are generally higher among people born outside North America. Within North America, the prevalence of the [[infection]] is higher in certain racial and ethnic groups, and people who have immigrated to North America. [[Peptic ulcer disease]] is acquired during childhood. The incidence of [[Peptic ulcer disease]] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 18-30 years. [[Peptic ulcer disease]] affects both sexes equally in childhood. [[Men]] are more commonly affected by [[peptic ulcer disease]] than [[women]] in adulthood.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
In Western countries the [[prevalence]] of ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' [[infection]]s roughly matches age (i.e., 20% at age 20, 30% at age 30, 80% at age 80 etc).  Prevalence is higher in third world countries.  Transmission is by food, contaminated groundwater, and through human saliva (such as from kissing or sharing food utensils.)


According to Mayo Clinic, however, there is no evidence that the infection can be transmitted by kissing:
"No evidence indicates that this bacterial infection is transmitted by sharing food or kissing." (http://www.mayoclinic.org/peptic-ulcers/qanda.html)
A minority of cases of ''Helicobacter'' infection will eventually lead to an ulcer and a larger proportion of people will get non-specific discomfort, [[abdominal pain]] or [[gastritis]]. The prevalence of infection is greater in developing countries and is influenced by socioeconomic conditions, ethnic background and age. In the Philippines, there is scarcity of published data regarding the epidemiology
of this bacterium. Locally unpublished reports revealed a prevalence of 5.6% seropositivity rate in children and 60% among 136 adult Filipino patients with dyspepsia using the Clotest®  (Cabahug et. al. 2003 and Caballero et al., 1997,  unpublished data). A lower prevalence rate of
42% was reported by Daez et. al. in 2002 (unpublished data) among 375 patients undergoing endoscopy at the Philippine General Hospital utilizing the rapid urease test and histopathology.
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The [[incidence]] of [[peptic ulcer]] disease is approximately 10-19 per 100,000 individuals worldwide<ref name="pmid19220208">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sung JJ, Kuipers EJ, El-Serag HB |title=Systematic review: the global incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=29 |issue=9 |pages=938–46 |year=2009 |pmid=19220208 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03960.x |url=}}</ref>
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In 2011, the [[incidence]] rate of [[peptic ulcer]] disease was estimated to be one case per 1000 individuals and its complications was 0.7 per 1000 individuals<ref name="pmid21626606">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lin KJ, García Rodríguez LA, Hernández-Díaz S |title=Systematic review of peptic ulcer disease incidence rates: do studies without validation provide reliable estimates? |journal=Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf |volume=20 |issue=7 |pages=718–28 |year=2011 |pmid=21626606 |doi=10.1002/pds.2153 |url=}}</ref>
*The incidence and prevalence of H. pylori infection are generally higher among people born outside North America than among people born here. Within North America, the prevalence of the infection is higher in certain racial and ethnic groups, the socially disadvantaged, and people who have immigrated to North America
*The [[incidence]] and [[prevalence]] of [[Helicobacter pylori infection]] are generally higher among people born outside North America. Within North America, the prevalence of the [[infection]] is higher in certain racial and ethnic groups, and people who have immigrated to North America<ref name="pmid21944414">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang AY, Peura DA |title=The prevalence and incidence of Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease and upper gastrointestinal bleeding throughout the world |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=613–35 |year=2011 |pmid=21944414 |doi=10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.011 |url=}}</ref>


===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The prevalence of peptic ulcer disease is approximately 23.1 per 100,000 individuals but higher in men 29.4 per 100,000   than women 14.9 per 100,000<ref name="pmid17703249">{{cite journal |vauthors=Naja F, Kreiger N, Sullivan T |title=Helicobacter pylori infection in Ontario: prevalence and risk factors |journal=Can. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=501–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17703249 |pmc=2657974 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*The [[prevalence]] of [[peptic ulcer disease]] is approximately 23.1 per 100,000 individuals but higher in men 29.4 per 100,000 than women 14.9 per 100,000
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
*The [[prevalence]] of [[peptic ulcer disease]]  is estimated to be 4.5 million cases annually
*
*Lifetime [[prevalence]] is  11-14% in men and 8-11% in women<ref name="pmid16165708">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ohmann C, Imhof M, Ruppert C, Janzik U, Vogt C, Frieling T, Becker K, Neumann F, Faust S, Heiler K, Haas K, Jurisch R, Wenzel EG, Normann S, Bachmann O, Delgadillo J, Seidel F, Franke C, Lüthen R, Yang Q, Reinhold C |title=Time-trends in the epidemiology of peptic ulcer bleeding |journal=Scand. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=40 |issue=8 |pages=914–20 |year=2005 |pmid=16165708 |doi=10.1080/00365520510015809 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17703249">{{cite journal |vauthors=Naja F, Kreiger N, Sullivan T |title=Helicobacter pylori infection in Ontario: prevalence and risk factors |journal=Can. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=501–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17703249 |pmc=2657974 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19220208">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sung JJ, Kuipers EJ, El-Serag HB |title=Systematic review: the global incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=29 |issue=9 |pages=938–46 |year=2009 |pmid=19220208 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03960.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8547530">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kuipers EJ, Thijs JC, Festen HP |title=The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=9 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=59–69 |year=1995 |pmid=8547530 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8547526">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pounder RE, Ng D |title=The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in different countries |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=9 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=33–9 |year=1995 |pmid=8547526 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12814771">{{cite journal |vauthors=Frenck RW, Clemens J |title=Helicobacter in the developing world |journal=Microbes Infect. |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=705–13 |year=2003 |pmid=12814771 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22766645">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dutta AK, Chacko A, Balekuduru A, Sahu MK, Gangadharan SK |title=Time trends in epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease in India over two decades |journal=Indian J Gastroenterol |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=111–5 |year=2012 |pmid=22766645 |doi=10.1007/s12664-012-0201-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20527265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goh KL |title=Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Malaysia--observations in a multiracial Asian population |journal=Med. J. Malaysia |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=187–92 |year=2009 |pmid=20527265 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
===Mortality rate===
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
* The [[mortality rate]] of [[Peptic ulcer disease|peptic ulcer  disease]] is approximately 1 per 100,000 individuals
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
 
===Age===
===Age===
*Peptic ulcer disease is acquired during childhood.
*[[Peptic ulcer disease]] is acquired during childhood
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*The incidence of [[Peptic ulcer disease]] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 18-30 years
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
 
===Race===
===Race===
*Peptic ulcer disease usually affects individuals of the African Americans with a higher proportion of African ancestry race and Mexican Americans<ref name="pmid25689684">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nguyen T, Ramsey D, Graham D, Shaib Y, Shiota S, Velez M, Cole R, Anand B, Vela M, El-Serag HB |title=The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Remains High in African American and Hispanic Veterans |journal=Helicobacter |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=305–15 |year=2015 |pmid=25689684 |doi=10.1111/hel.12199 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10762567">{{cite journal |vauthors=Everhart JE, Kruszon-Moran D, Perez-Perez GI, Tralka TS, McQuillan G |title=Seroprevalence and ethnic differences in Helicobacter pylori infection among adults in the United States |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=181 |issue=4 |pages=1359–63 |year=2000 |pmid=10762567 |doi=10.1086/315384 |url=}}</ref>.Non-Hispanic whites individuals are less likely to develop the peptic ulcer disease.
*[[Peptic ulcer disease]] usually affects individuals of the African Americans with a higher proportion of African ancestry race and Mexican Americans<ref name="pmid25689684">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nguyen T, Ramsey D, Graham D, Shaib Y, Shiota S, Velez M, Cole R, Anand B, Vela M, El-Serag HB |title=The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Remains High in African American and Hispanic Veterans |journal=Helicobacter |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=305–15 |year=2015 |pmid=25689684 |doi=10.1111/hel.12199 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10762567">{{cite journal |vauthors=Everhart JE, Kruszon-Moran D, Perez-Perez GI, Tralka TS, McQuillan G |title=Seroprevalence and ethnic differences in Helicobacter pylori infection among adults in the United States |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=181 |issue=4 |pages=1359–63 |year=2000 |pmid=10762567 |doi=10.1086/315384 |url=}}</ref>
 
*Non-Hispanic whites individuals are less likely to develop the [[peptic ulcer disease]]
===Gender===
===Gender===
*Peptic ulcer disease rates for male and female children are similar<ref name="pmid17089189">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Martel C, Parsonnet J |title=Helicobacter pylori infection and gender: a meta-analysis of population-based prevalence surveys |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=51 |issue=12 |pages=2292–301 |year=2006 |pmid=17089189 |doi=10.1007/s10620-006-9210-5 |url=}}</ref>.
*[[Peptic ulcer disease]] affect  equally in childhood<ref name="pmid17089189">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Martel C, Parsonnet J |title=Helicobacter pylori infection and gender: a meta-analysis of population-based prevalence surveys |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=51 |issue=12 |pages=2292–301 |year=2006 |pmid=17089189 |doi=10.1007/s10620-006-9210-5 |url=}}</ref>  
*Men are more commonly affected by peptic ulcer disease than women in adulhood<ref name="pmid17703249">{{cite journal |vauthors=Naja F, Kreiger N, Sullivan T |title=Helicobacter pylori infection in Ontario: prevalence and risk factors |journal=Can. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=501–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17703249 |pmc=2657974 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.
*[[Men]] are more commonly affected by [[peptic ulcer disease]] than [[women]] in adulthood<ref name="pmid17703249">{{cite journal |vauthors=Naja F, Kreiger N, Sullivan T |title=Helicobacter pylori infection in Ontario: prevalence and risk factors |journal=Can. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=501–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17703249 |pmc=2657974 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
 
======Region======
====East Asia====
*The majority of peptic ulcer disease cases are reported in immigrants from East Asia<ref name="pmid24065381">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siao D, Somsouk M |title=Helicobacter pylori: evidence-based review with a focus on immigrant populations |journal=J Gen Intern Med |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=520–8 |year=2014 |pmid=24065381 |pmc=3930769 |doi=10.1007/s11606-013-2630-y |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16033932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Perez-Perez GI, Olivares AZ, Foo FY, Foo S, Neusy AJ, Ng C, Holzman RS, Marmor M, Blaser MJ |title=Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in New York City populations originating in East Asia |journal=J Urban Health |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=510–6 |year=2005 |pmid=16033932 |pmc=3456059 |doi=10.1093/jurban/jti093 |url=}}</ref>.
*
*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
 
===Developed Countries===
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 17:06, 12 December 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ;Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]

Overview

The incidence and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection are generally higher among people born outside North America. Within North America, the prevalence of the infection is higher in certain racial and ethnic groups, and people who have immigrated to North America. Peptic ulcer disease is acquired during childhood. The incidence of Peptic ulcer disease increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 18-30 years. Peptic ulcer disease affects both sexes equally in childhood. Men are more commonly affected by peptic ulcer disease than women in adulthood.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

Prevalence

Mortality rate

Age

Race

Gender

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Sung JJ, Kuipers EJ, El-Serag HB (2009). "Systematic review: the global incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 29 (9): 938–46. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03960.x. PMID 19220208.
  2. Lin KJ, García Rodríguez LA, Hernández-Díaz S (2011). "Systematic review of peptic ulcer disease incidence rates: do studies without validation provide reliable estimates?". Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 20 (7): 718–28. doi:10.1002/pds.2153. PMID 21626606.
  3. Wang AY, Peura DA (2011). "The prevalence and incidence of Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease and upper gastrointestinal bleeding throughout the world". Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am. 21 (4): 613–35. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.011. PMID 21944414.
  4. Ohmann C, Imhof M, Ruppert C, Janzik U, Vogt C, Frieling T, Becker K, Neumann F, Faust S, Heiler K, Haas K, Jurisch R, Wenzel EG, Normann S, Bachmann O, Delgadillo J, Seidel F, Franke C, Lüthen R, Yang Q, Reinhold C (2005). "Time-trends in the epidemiology of peptic ulcer bleeding". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 40 (8): 914–20. doi:10.1080/00365520510015809. PMID 16165708.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Naja F, Kreiger N, Sullivan T (2007). "Helicobacter pylori infection in Ontario: prevalence and risk factors". Can. J. Gastroenterol. 21 (8): 501–6. PMC 2657974. PMID 17703249.
  6. Kuipers EJ, Thijs JC, Festen HP (1995). "The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 9 Suppl 2: 59–69. PMID 8547530.
  7. Pounder RE, Ng D (1995). "The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in different countries". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 9 Suppl 2: 33–9. PMID 8547526.
  8. Frenck RW, Clemens J (2003). "Helicobacter in the developing world". Microbes Infect. 5 (8): 705–13. PMID 12814771.
  9. Dutta AK, Chacko A, Balekuduru A, Sahu MK, Gangadharan SK (2012). "Time trends in epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease in India over two decades". Indian J Gastroenterol. 31 (3): 111–5. doi:10.1007/s12664-012-0201-5. PMID 22766645.
  10. Goh KL (2009). "Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Malaysia--observations in a multiracial Asian population". Med. J. Malaysia. 64 (3): 187–92. PMID 20527265.
  11. Nguyen T, Ramsey D, Graham D, Shaib Y, Shiota S, Velez M, Cole R, Anand B, Vela M, El-Serag HB (2015). "The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Remains High in African American and Hispanic Veterans". Helicobacter. 20 (4): 305–15. doi:10.1111/hel.12199. PMID 25689684.
  12. Everhart JE, Kruszon-Moran D, Perez-Perez GI, Tralka TS, McQuillan G (2000). "Seroprevalence and ethnic differences in Helicobacter pylori infection among adults in the United States". J. Infect. Dis. 181 (4): 1359–63. doi:10.1086/315384. PMID 10762567.
  13. de Martel C, Parsonnet J (2006). "Helicobacter pylori infection and gender: a meta-analysis of population-based prevalence surveys". Dig. Dis. Sci. 51 (12): 2292–301. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9210-5. PMID 17089189.

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