Paroxysmal hypertension

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Paroxysmal hypertension is episodic high blood pressure, which may be due to stress of any sort or from phaeochromocytoma, a type of tumor involving the adrenal medulla. Patients with paroxysmal hypertension who test negative for phaeochromocytoma are said to be suffering from pseudophaechromocytoma, a disorder with no known cause.

Causes

• Anxiety
• Cluster headache
• Hyperthyroidism
• Mastocytosis
• Migraine headache
• Pheochromocytoma
• Renovascular hypertension
• Seizures

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

• Some cases can result in hypertensive encephalopathy

 •  Central nervous system lesions, such as stroke,   tumor, hemorrhage, compression of lateral medulla, and trauma (See   "Clinical diagnosis of stroke subtypes").
 •  Seizure disorder
 •  Carcinoid (See   "The carcinoid syndrome").
 •  Drugs (cocaine,   lysergic acid diethylamide, amphetamine)
 •  Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine   oxidase inhibitors
 •  Baroreflex failure
 •  Factitious hypertension.

References

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