Papilledema pathophysiology

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Papilledema

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Papilledema is in general the result of transmission of increased intracranial pressure[1] to the anterior end of optic nerve through optic nerve sheath.

Pathophysiology

  • The anterior end of the optic nerve stops abruptly at the eye. Hence the pressure is asymmetrical and this causes a pinching and protrusion of the optic nerve at its head.
  • Persistent and extensive optic nerve head swelling, or optic disc edema, can lead to loss of these fibers and permanent visual impairment.
  • Papilledema may be absent in cases of prior optic atrophy. In these cases, the absence of papilledema is most likely secondary to a decrease in the number of physiologically active nerve fibers.

References

  1. Tso MO, Hayreh SS (1977). "Optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. IV. Axoplasmic transport in experimental papilledema". Arch. Ophthalmol. 95 (8): 1458–62. PMID 70201. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)