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{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
   Name        = {{Pancoast tumor}} |
   Name        = Pancoast tumor |
   ICD10      = {{ICD10|C|34|1|c|30}} |
   ICD10      = ICD10|C|34|1|c|30 |
   ICD9        = {{ICD9|162.3}} |
   ICD9        = ICD9|162.3 |
}}
}}
{{Pancoast tumor}}
{{Pancoast tumor}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


==Overview==
==[[Pancoast tumor overview|Overview]]==
A '''pancoast tumor''', also '''pancoast tumour''' (UK) or '''superior sulcus tumor''', is a [[lung cancer|tumor]] of the [[lung|pulmonary]] apex i.e. a type of lung cancer defined primarily by its location situated at the top end of either the right or left lung.
The growing tumor can cause compression of a brachiocephalic vein, subclavian artery, phrenic nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve, or, characteristically, compression of a [[sympathetic nervous system|sympathetic]] [[ganglion]] resulting in a range of symptoms known as [[Horner's syndrome]].


Pancoast tumors are named for [[Henry Pancoast]], a US [[radiologist]], who described them in 1924 and 1932.
==[[Pancoast tumor historical perspective|Historical perspective]]==


==Symptoms==
==[[Pancoast tumor pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
Symptoms can include [[miosis]] (constriction of the pupils), [[anhidrosis]] (lack of sweating), ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), and in severe cases, a complete [[Horner's syndrome]]. In progressive cases, the [[brachial plexus]] is also affected, causing [[Pain and nociception|pain]] and [[weakness]] in the muscles of the [[arm]] and [[hand]].


In [[superior vena cava syndrome]], obstruction of the [[superior vena cava]] by a tumor (mass effect) causes facial swelling, [[cyanosis]] and dilatation of the veins of the head and neck.
==[[Pancoast tumor epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


A pancoast tumor is an apical tumor that is typically found in conjunction with a smoking history. The clinical signs and symptoms can be confused with neurovascular compromise at the level of the thoracic outlet. The patient's smoking history, rapid onset of clinical signs and symptoms, and pleuritic pain can suggest an apical tumor.
==[[Pancoast tumor risk factors|Risk factors]]==
 
==[[Pancoast tumor screening|Screening]]==
 
==[[Pancoast tumor causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Pancoast tumor differential diagnosis|Differentiating Pancoast tumor from other Disorders]]==
 
==[[Pancoast tumor natural history|Natural History, Complications & Prognosis]]==
 
==Diagnosis==
 
[[Pancoast tumor history and symptoms|History & Symptoms]] | [[Pancoast tumor physical examination|Physical examination]] | [[Pancoast tumor chest x ray|Chest X ray]] | [[Pancoast tumor laboratory tests|Laboratory Tests]] | [[Pancoast tumor electrocardiogram | Electrocardiogram]] | [[Pancoast tumor chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Pancoast tumor MRI|MRI]] | [[Pancoast tumor CT|CT]] | [[Pancoast tumor echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Pancoast tumor other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Pancoast tumor other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==


The treatment of a Pancoast lung cancer may differ to that of other types of non-small cell lung cancer due to its position and close proximity to vital structures (such as nerves and spine) which may make surgery difficult to be undertaken.  As a result, and depending on the stage of the cancer, treatment may often involve radiation and chemotherapy given pre-operatively (neoadjuvant treatment) prior to surgery.
'''Medical:''' [[Pancoast tumor medical therapy|Medical Therapy]]
 
'''Surgical:''' [[Pancoast tumor surgery|Surgery]]


==External links==
[[Pancoast tumor primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Pancoast tumor secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Pancoast tumor cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Pancoast tumor future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
* {{eMedicine|radio|515|Pancoast Tumor}}
* [http://meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/pancoast.htm UCSD-Xray]


{{SIB}}
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Diseaase]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]
[[Category:Lung Cancer]]


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[[pt:Tumor de Pancoast]]
[[pt:Tumor de Pancoast]]


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Revision as of 19:35, 21 September 2011

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical perspective

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk factors

Screening

Causes

Differentiating Pancoast tumor from other Disorders

Natural History, Complications & Prognosis

Diagnosis

History & Symptoms | Physical examination | Chest X ray | Laboratory Tests | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | MRI | CT | Echocardiography | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical: Medical Therapy

Surgical: Surgery

Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

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[[Category:Types of cancer]

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