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{{Ovarian cancer}}
{{Ovarian cancer}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Hudakarman}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Historically ovarian cancer was called the “silent killer” because symptoms were not thought to develop until the chance of cure was poor. However, recent studies have shown this term is untrue and that some symptoms are much more likely to occur in women with ovarian cancer than women in the general population.
Historically [[ovarian cancer]] was called the “silent killer” because [[symptoms]] were not thought to develop until the chance of cure was poor. However, recent studies have shown this term is untrue and that some [[symptoms]] are much more likely to occur in women with [[ovarian cancer]] than women in the general [[population]].
==History and Symptoms==
*The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
*The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
*Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. 
===History===
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
*[History finding 1]
*[History finding 2]
*[History finding 3]
===Common Symptoms===
Common symptoms of [disease] include:
*[Symptom 1]
*[Symptom 2]
*[Symptom 3]


===Less Common Symptoms===
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
*[Symptom 1]
*[Symptom 2]
*[Symptom 3]
==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==


* The are three scenarios when diagnosing Ovarian cancer based on the clinical presentation, stage of the disease, and the condition of the patient, and the presence of peritoneal carcinoma  
*[[Ovarian cancer]] can be diagnosed based on the clinical presentation, [[Staging (pathology)|stage]] of the disease, the condition of the patient, and the presence of [[Peritoneal carcinomatosis|peritoneal carcinoma]] <ref name="pmid16087828">{{cite journal| author=White RH, Chew HK, Zhou H, Parikh-Patel A, Harris D, Harvey D et al.| title=Incidence of venous thromboembolism in the year before the diagnosis of cancer in 528,693 adults. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2005 | volume= 165 | issue= 15 | pages= 1782-7 | pmid=16087828 | doi=10.1001/archinte.165.15.1782 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16087828  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11117976">{{cite journal| author=Sørensen HT, Mellemkjaer L, Olsen JH, Baron JA| title=Prognosis of cancers associated with venous thromboembolism. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2000 | volume= 343 | issue= 25 | pages= 1846-50 | pmid=11117976 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200012213432504 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11117976  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9611053">{{cite journal| author=Friedrich M, Villena-Heinsen C, Schweizer J, Holländer M, Stieber M, Schmidt W| title=Primary tubal carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of four cases with a literature review. | journal=Eur J Gynaecol Oncol | year= 1998 | volume= 19 | issue= 2 | pages= 138-43 | pmid=9611053 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9611053  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22217630">{{cite journal| author=Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C| title=Identifying women with suspected ovarian cancer in primary care: derivation and validation of algorithm. | journal=BMJ | year= 2011 | volume= 344 | issue=  | pages= d8009 | pmid=22217630 | doi=10.1136/bmj.d8009 | pmc=3251328 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22217630  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19706933">{{cite journal| author=Hamilton W, Peters TJ, Bankhead C, Sharp D| title=Risk of ovarian cancer in women with symptoms in primary care: population based case-control study. | journal=BMJ | year= 2009 | volume= 339 | issue=  | pages= b2998 | pmid=19706933 | doi=10.1136/bmj.b2998 | pmc=2731836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19706933  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14447118">{{cite journal| author=SINHA AC| title=Hydrops tubae profluens as a presenting symptom in primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: report of two cases and review of literature. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1959 | volume= 2 | issue= 5158 | pages= 996-1001 | pmid=14447118 | doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5158.996 | pmc=1990718 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14447118  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21791297">{{cite journal| author=Ou YC, Huang HY, Huang CC, Changchien CC, Tseng CW, Lin H| title=Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases. | journal=Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol | year= 2011 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 141-4 | pmid=21791297 | doi=10.1016/j.tjog.2011.01.031 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21791297  }} </ref>
*If symptoms suggestive of epithelial ovarian cancer, pelvic exam and pelvic imaging should be done to look for adnexal mass  
*If [[symptoms]] suggestive of [[epithelial ovarian cancer]], pelvic exam and [[pelvic]] [[imaging]] should be done to look for [[Adnexal|adnexal mass]]
*Because ovarian cancer is diagnosed histologically, surgical exploration is the main approach for the definitive diagnosis of ovarian cancer
*Because [[ovarian cancer]] is diagnosed [[histologically]], [[surgical]] [[exploration]] is the main approach for the definitive [[diagnosis]] of [[ovarian cancer]]
*Symptoms can vary based on the advancement of the disease:
*[[Symptoms]] can vary based on the advancement of the disease:
*Women with advanced disease presents with acute symptoms such as:
*Women with advanced disease presents with acute [[symptoms]] such as:
** shortness of breath: due to malignant pleural effusion)
**[[Shortness of breath]]: due to [[malignant]] [[pleural effusion]]
** Nausea and vomiting: due to bowel obstruction
**[[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]: due to [[bowel obstruction]]
** Symptoms of venous thromboembolism (VTE) depending on the site of the thrombus and its extent. eg: severe pain and swelling in the lower limb or shortness of breath with pulmonary emboli
**[[Symptoms]] of [[venous thromboembolism]] ([[VTE]]) depending on the site of the [[thrombus]] and its extent such as:
*Women with early, late or advanced disease presents with subacute symptoms such as:  
*** Severe [[pain]] and [[swelling]] in the [[lower limb]]
** Abnormal vaginal bleeding
***[[Shortness of breath]] with [[pulmonary emboli]]
** A lump that can be felt (palpable) in the pelvic or abdominal area
*Women with early, late or advanced disease presents with [[subacute]] [[symptoms]] such as:  
** Need to urinate often (frequency)
**[[Gastrointestinal]] [[symptoms]]: due to [[ascites]], [[metastasis]], [[bowel obstruction]] or [[distention]] of the ovarian tube
** Intense need to urinate (urgency)
***[[Abdominal pain]]
** Constipation
***[[Bloating|Abdominal bloating]]
** Changes to digestion (such as difficulty eating, feeling full after a small meal, heartburn, gas, indigestion or nausea)
***[[Abdominal distention]]
** Feeling of pressure in the pelvic or abdominal area
***[[Constipation]]
** Fatigue
***[[Early satiety]]
** Pain in the legs, lower back, pelvis or abdomen
***[[Nausea and vomiting]]
** Bloating (swelling of the abdomen)
**[[Urinary symptoms]]:
** Painful intercourse
*** Increase [[frequency]]
** Buildup of fluid in the abdomen (ascites)
*** Increase [[urgency]]
** Buildup of fluid around the lungs (pleural effusion)
**[[Symptoms]] related to [[adnexal]] mass
** Buildup of lymph fluid (lymphedema) in the legs
***[[Pelvic pain]]
** Weight loss
*** Pelvic pressure
** Bowel obstruction
*** Palpable [[abdominal]] or [[pelvic]] mass
** Constitutional [[symptoms]]:
***[[Fatigue]]
***[[Weight loss]]
** Other [[symptoms]]
*** Abnormal [[vaginal bleeding]]
***[[Rectal bleeding]]
***[[Painful intercourse]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:39, 12 September 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Huda A. Karman, M.D.

Overview

Historically ovarian cancer was called the “silent killer” because symptoms were not thought to develop until the chance of cure was poor. However, recent studies have shown this term is untrue and that some symptoms are much more likely to occur in women with ovarian cancer than women in the general population.

History and Symptoms

  • The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

  • The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
  • Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. 

History

Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:

  • [History finding 1]
  • [History finding 2]
  • [History finding 3]

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of [disease] include:

  • [Symptom 1]
  • [Symptom 2]
  • [Symptom 3]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of [disease name] include

  • [Symptom 1]
  • [Symptom 2]
  • [Symptom 3]

Symptoms

References

  1. ↑ White RH, Chew HK, Zhou H, Parikh-Patel A, Harris D, Harvey D; et al. (2005). "Incidence of venous thromboembolism in the year before the diagnosis of cancer in 528,693 adults". Arch Intern Med. 165 (15): 1782–7. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.15.1782. PMID 16087828.
  2. ↑ Sørensen HT, Mellemkjaer L, Olsen JH, Baron JA (2000). "Prognosis of cancers associated with venous thromboembolism". N Engl J Med. 343 (25): 1846–50. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432504. PMID 11117976.
  3. ↑ Friedrich M, Villena-Heinsen C, Schweizer J, Holländer M, Stieber M, Schmidt W (1998). "Primary tubal carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of four cases with a literature review". Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 19 (2): 138–43. PMID 9611053.
  4. ↑ Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C (2011). "Identifying women with suspected ovarian cancer in primary care: derivation and validation of algorithm". BMJ. 344: d8009. doi:10.1136/bmj.d8009. PMC 3251328. PMID 22217630.
  5. ↑ Hamilton W, Peters TJ, Bankhead C, Sharp D (2009). "Risk of ovarian cancer in women with symptoms in primary care: population based case-control study". BMJ. 339: b2998. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2998. PMC 2731836. PMID 19706933.
  6. ↑ SINHA AC (1959). "Hydrops tubae profluens as a presenting symptom in primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: report of two cases and review of literature". Br Med J. 2 (5158): 996–1001. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5158.996. PMC 1990718. PMID 14447118.
  7. ↑ Ou YC, Huang HY, Huang CC, Changchien CC, Tseng CW, Lin H (2011). "Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases". Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 50 (2): 141–4. doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2011.01.031. PMID 21791297.


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