Ogilvie syndrome overview

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Ogilvie syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

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CT

MRI

Ultrasound

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Treatment

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction was first reported by Dr. William Heneage Ogilvie in 1948 and the syndrome was named on him after that.

Classification

Ogilvie's syndrome can be classified based on the duration of the disease into acute or chronic.

Pathophysiology

The colonic pseudo-obstruction pathogenesis is believed to be due to impairment of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic imapairment may involve the parasympathetic fibers of S2-S4 which is responsible for innervation of the distal colon and may lead to atonic colon and proximal obstruction. In few cases, Ogilvie's syndrome (colonic pseudo-obstruction) may show atrophic myopathy with thinned colonic wall and intact myenteric plexus

Causes

Common causes of Ogilvie's syndrome include trauma, gynecological surgeries, major surgeries as hip replacement, and myocardial infarction. Other causes include causes of non mechanical bowel obstruction as acid base imbalance, acute pancreatitis, apoplexy, and cancers.

Differentiating Hereditary pancreatitis from Other Diseases

The colonic pseudo-obstruction pathogenesis is believed to be due to impairment of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic imapairment may involve the parasympathetic fibers of S2-S4 which is responsible for innervation of the distal colon and may lead to atonic colon and proximal obstruction. In few cases, Ogilvie's syndrome (colonic pseudo-obstruction) may show atrophic myopathy with thinned colonic wall and intact myenteric plexus

Epidemiology and Demographics

The incidence of Ogilvie's syndrome is 100 per 100,000 individuals. Ogilvie's syndrome commonly affects patients more than 60years and it is more prevelant int he men more than women.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors of Ogilvie's syndrome include having neurologic disorders, taking narcotic medications, and trauma. Other risk factors include systemic lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, and multiple myeloma.

Screening

There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for Ogilvie's syndrome.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

References


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