Nomifensine

Revision as of 16:49, 20 August 2015 by WikiBot (talk | contribs) (Protected "Nomifensine": Bot: Protecting all pages from category Drug ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)))
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Nomifensine
Clinical data
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life1.5-4 hours
ExcretionKidney (88%) within 24 hours[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
E number{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H18N2
Molar mass238.328 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
 ☒N☑Y (what is this?)  (verify)

WikiDoc Resources for Nomifensine

Articles

Most recent articles on Nomifensine

Most cited articles on Nomifensine

Review articles on Nomifensine

Articles on Nomifensine in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Nomifensine

Images of Nomifensine

Photos of Nomifensine

Podcasts & MP3s on Nomifensine

Videos on Nomifensine

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Nomifensine

Bandolier on Nomifensine

TRIP on Nomifensine

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Nomifensine at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Nomifensine

Clinical Trials on Nomifensine at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Nomifensine

NICE Guidance on Nomifensine

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Nomifensine

CDC on Nomifensine

Books

Books on Nomifensine

News

Nomifensine in the news

Be alerted to news on Nomifensine

News trends on Nomifensine

Commentary

Blogs on Nomifensine

Definitions

Definitions of Nomifensine

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Nomifensine

Discussion groups on Nomifensine

Patient Handouts on Nomifensine

Directions to Hospitals Treating Nomifensine

Risk calculators and risk factors for Nomifensine

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Nomifensine

Causes & Risk Factors for Nomifensine

Diagnostic studies for Nomifensine

Treatment of Nomifensine

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Nomifensine

International

Nomifensine en Espanol

Nomifensine en Francais

Business

Nomifensine in the Marketplace

Patents on Nomifensine

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Nomifensine

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Nomifensine (Merital, Alival) is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor developed by a team at Hoechst AG in the 1960s.[2] The drug was test marketed in the United States by Hoechst AG (now Sanofi-Aventis), i.e. a drug that increases the amount of synaptic norepinephrine and dopamine available to receptors by blocking the dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake transporters.[3] This is a mechanism of action shared by some recreational drugs like cocaine and the medication Tametraline (see DRI). Research showed that the (S) isomer is responsible for activity.[4] The drug was an effective antidepressant, without sedative effects. Nomifensine did not interact significantly with alcohol and lacked anticholinergic effects. No withdrawal symptoms were seen after 6 months treatment. The drug was however considered not suitable for agitated patients as it presumably made agitation worse.[5][6] In January 1986 the drug was withdraw by its manufacturers for safety reasons.[7]

Some case reports in the 1980s suggested that there was potential for psychological dependence on nomifensine, typically in patients with a history of stimulant addiction, or when the drug was used in very high doses (400–600 mg per day).[8]

In a 1989 study it has been investigated for use in treating adult ADHD and proven successful.[9] In a 1977 study it has not proven of benefit in advanced parkinsonism, except for depression associated with the parkinsonism.[10]

Clinical uses

Nomifensine was investigated for use as an antidepressant in the 1970s, and was found to be a useful antidepressant at doses of 50–225 mg per day, both motivating and anxiolytic.

Side effects

During treatment with nomifensine there were relatively few adverse effects mainly renal failure, paranoid symptoms, drowsiness or insomnia, headache, and dry mouth. Side effects affecting the cardiovascular system included tachycardia and palpitations, but nomifensine was significantly less cardiotoxic than the standard triciclyc antidepressants.[11]

Due to the risk of a risk of haemolytic anaemia, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) withdrew approval for nomifensine on March 20, 1992. Nomifensine has subsequently been withdrawn from the Canadian and UK markets as well.[12] Some deaths were linked to immunohaemolytic anemia caused by this compound although the mechanism remained unclear.[13]

In 2012 structure–affinity relationship data (compare SAR) were published.[14]

Synthesis

Nomifensine synthesis:[15]

See also


References

  1. Heptner W, Hornke I, Uihlein M (April 1984). "Kinetics and metabolism of nomifensine". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 45 (4 Pt 2): 21–5. PMID 6370971. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  2. US patent 3577424, "4-Phenyl-8-Amino Tetrahydroisoquinolines", issued 1971-05-04, assigned to Farbwerke Hoechst 
  3. PMID 477572 (PMID 477572)
    Citation will be completed automatically in a few minutes. Jump the queue or expand by hand
  4. 'Chirality and Biological Activity of Drugs' page 138
  5. PMID 334230 (PMID 334230)
    Citation will be completed automatically in a few minutes. Jump the queue or expand by hand
  6. PMID 6370985 (PMID 6370985)
    Citation will be completed automatically in a few minutes. Jump the queue or expand by hand
  7. "CSM Update: Withdrawal of nomifensine". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 293 (6538): 41. July 1986. doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6538.41. PMC 1340782. PMID 20742679. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  8. PMID 3774872 (PMID 3774872)
    Citation will be completed automatically in a few minutes. Jump the queue or expand by hand
  9. PMID 2651559 (PMID 2651559)
    Citation will be completed automatically in a few minutes. Jump the queue or expand by hand
  10. PMID 334223 (PMID 334223)
    Citation will be completed automatically in a few minutes. Jump the queue or expand by hand
  11. Hanks GW (1977). "A profile of nomifensine". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 4Suppl 2: 243S–248S. PMC 1429121. PMID 911653. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  12. "Nomifensine DB04821". Drugbank.ca.
  13. PMID 3058454 (PMID 3058454)
    Citation will be completed automatically in a few minutes. Jump the queue or expand by hand
  14. Pechulis AD et al (2012): "4-Phenyl tetrahydroisoquinolines as dual norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors", Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7219. PMID 23084899
  15. Template:Cite doi


Template:Antidepressants Template:Stimulants