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| | {{Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)}} |
| '''For the WikiPatient page for this topic, click [[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) (patient information)|here]]''' | | '''For the WikiPatient page for this topic, click [[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) (patient information)|here]]''' |
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| '''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@perfuse.org] | | '''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:moh_sbeih@hotmail.com]Phone: 617-849-2629; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu] |
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| '''Related Key Words and Synonyms:''' Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery, single incision laparoscopic surgery, minimally invasive surgery, transanal endoscopic microsurgery. | | '''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery, Single incision laparoscopic surgery, Minimally invasive surgery, Transanal endoscopic microsurgery, Natural orifice surgery consortium for assessment and research, Society of american gastrointestinal and endoscopic surgeons. |
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| ==Overview== | | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) overview|Overview]]== |
| [[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)]] is an experimental surgical technique whereby "scarless" abdominal operations can be performed. The surgeon accesses the peritoneal cavity or the thoracic cavity via a hollow viscus and performs diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. NOTES involves passing surgical instruments and a tiny camera through a natural orifice (mouth, urethra, anus, etc.), then the procedure can be performed through an internal incision in the stomach, vagina, bladder or colon, thus avoiding scars and external incisions through the skin, muscles, and nerves. The patients recover more quickly and experience less pain with better cosmetic results. The postoperative complications such as wound infections and hernias are significantly reduced. | |
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| Animal models and cadavers have been used to demonstrate the possible applications of NOTES, including abdominal cavity screening, abdominal organs biopsy, appendectomy, cholecystectomy, tubal ligation, gastrojejunostomy, partial hysterectomy, oophorectomy, colorectal resection and trans-esophageal myotomy.
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| ==Historical Perspective== | | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) experimental evolution|Experimental Evolution]]== |
| *Dimitri Ott from Russia performed transvaginal inspection of the peritoneal cavity in 1901.
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| *In 1940s, the first natural orifice procedure mentioned when culdoscopies were performed using an endoscope passed through the recto-uterine pouch to view pelvic organs <ref>Halim I, Tavakkolizadeh A. NOTES: The next surgical revolution? Int J Surg 2008; 6: 273-276</ref>.
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) advantages|Advantages Over Current Surgical Techniques]]== |
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| *[[Laparoscopic surgery]] innovation was introduced in the late 1980s, and the minimally invasive surgery started spreading worldwide in 1987, when the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed by Dr. Philippe Mouret Spaner <ref>SJ, Warnock GL. A brief history of endoscopy, laparoscopy, and laparoscopic surgery. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 1997; 7: 369-373 </ref>.
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) laboratory/clinical reports|What has been achieved so far?]]== |
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| *In 2002, Gettman et al published a transvaginal nephrectomy in a porcine model <ref>Gettman MT, Lotan Y, Napper CA, Cadeddu JA. Transvaginal laparoscopic nephrectomy: development and feasibility in the porcine model. Urology 2002; 59: 446-450</ref>.
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) challenges and drawbacks|Current Challenges and Drawbacks to Clinical Application of NOTES]]== |
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| *The first reported human transgastric endoscopic appendectomy was in India in 2003 by Dr. G.V. Rao and Dr. N. Reddy <ref>Rao GV, Reddy DN. Transgastric appendectomy in humans. Montreal: World Congress of Gastroenterology, 2006</ref>.
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) human experience|Human Experience]]== |
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| *NOTES was originally described in animals by researchers at Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Anthony Kalloo published the first report of a true transluminal procedure in 2004 , which was a transgastric peritoneoscopy in a porcine model <ref>Kalloo AN, Singh VK, Jagannath SB, Niiyama H, Hill SL, Vaughn CA, Magee CA, Kantsevoy SV. Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity. Gastrointest
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) potential applications|Potential Applications]]== |
| Endosc 2004; 60: 114-117</ref>.
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| *Senior leadership from the [[American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy]] (ASGE) and the [[Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons]] (SAGES) organized a working group of surgeons and gastroenterologists in 2006 to develop standards for the practice of NOTES. This group is known as the [[Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research]] (NOSCAR) <ref>[http://www.noscar.org/faq.php Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) future directions|Future Directions]]== |
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| *EURO-NOTES Foundation, established in 2006 in cooperation between European Asociation for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) to focus on all activities regarding Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES). The first meeting was in June 23, 2006 in Berlin/Germany.
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) current technological developments|Current Technological Developments]]== |
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| *Radical sigmoidectomy using a pure NOTES transanal approach was first described in 3 human cadavers in 2007 by Whiteford et al who used TEM as an endoscopic platform without the need for any abdominal incisions <ref name="pmid17705068">{{cite journal |author=Whiteford MH, Denk PM, Swanström LL |title=Feasibility of radical sigmoid colectomy performed as natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) using transanal endoscopic microsurgery |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=1870–4 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17705068 |doi=10.1007/s00464-007-9552-x |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-007-9552-x |accessdate=2012-02-15}}</ref>.
| | ==[[Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)|Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)]]== |
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| *On June 25, 2007 Swanstrom and colleagues reported the first human transgastric cholecystectomy <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20071110233147/http://www.usgimedical.com/pr_transgastric_cholecystectomy.html NOTES Transgastric Cholecystectomy : USGI Medical<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) conclusions|Conclusions]]== |
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| *In early March 2007, the NOTES Research Group in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil, led by Dr. Ricardo Zorron, performed the first series of transvaginal NOTES cholecystectomy in four patients, based in previous experimental studies. The first human transvaginal endoscopic cholecystectomy case was reported in 2007 <ref name="pmid17875836">{{cite journal |author=Marescaux J, Dallemagne B, Perretta S, Wattiez A, Mutter D, Coumaros D |title=Surgery without scars: report of transluminal cholecystectomy in a human being |journal=Arch Surg |volume=142 |issue=9 |pages=823–6; discussion 826–7 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17875836 |doi=10.1001/archsurg.142.9.823 |url=http://archsurg.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17875836 |accessdate=2012-02-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid17892873">{{cite journal |author=Bessler M, Stevens PD, Milone L, Parikh M, Fowler D |title=Transvaginal laparoscopically assisted endoscopic cholecystectomy: a hybrid approach to natural orifice surgery |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=1243–5 |year=2007 |month=December |pmid=17892873 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2007.08.017 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016-5107(07)02553-9 |accessdate=2012-02-15}}</ref>.
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) published trials|Published Trials]]== |
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| *In late 2008 surgeons from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine removed a healthy kidney from a woman donor using NOTES. The surgery was called transvaginal donor kidney extraction <ref name="InfoNIAC.com">{{cite news | title=Surgeons Remove Healthy Kidney Through Vagina | url=http://www.infoniac.com/health-fitness/remove-healthy-kidney-through-vagina.html | accessdate=2009-02-03 | publisher=InfoNIAC.com}}</ref>.
| | ==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) videos|Videos]]== |
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| * The first clinical case of a NOTES transanal resection for rectal cancer using TEM and laparoscopic assistance was performed at the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona by a team of surgeons from the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston in November 2009 <ref name="pmid20186432">{{cite journal |author=Sylla P, Rattner DW, Delgado S, Lacy AM |title=NOTES transanal rectal cancer resection using transanal endoscopic microsurgery and laparoscopic assistance |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=1205–10 |year=2010 |month=May |pmid=20186432 |doi=10.1007/s00464-010-0965-6 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-010-0965-6 |accessdate=2012-02-15}}</ref>.
| | ==External Links== |
| | *http://www.noscar.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/NOTES_White_Paper_Feb06.pdf |
| | *http://www.noscar.org/ |
| | *http://www.dgav.de/english/notes.html |
| | *http://www.euronotes.world.it/ |
| | *http://www.japan-medical-tourism.com/content/natural-orifice-translumenal-endoscopic-surgery-notes-japan |
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| ==NOTES Advantages Over Current Surgical Techniques and The Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS)== | | ==Acknowledgments== |
| | | Person who first created this page was '''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:moh_sbeih@hotmail.com] |
| ==Experimental Evolution==
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| ==What has been achieved so far?==
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| *Laboratory Reports
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| *Human Cases
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| ==Current Challenges to Clinical Application of NOTES and the Drawbacks==
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| ==Human Experience==
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| ==Potential Applications==
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| *Transvaginal NOTES
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| *Transrectal NOTES
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| *Transgastric NOTES
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| *Transesophagea NOTES
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| *Transurethral/Transcystic NOTES
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| ==Future Directions==
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| ==Current Technologic Developments==
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| ==Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)==
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| ==Conclusions==
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| ==Published Studies==
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| ==Videos==
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| ==External links==
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Surgery]] | | [[Category:Surgery]] |
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| [[Category:For review]] | | [[Category:For review]] |
| [[Category:General surgery]] | | [[Category:General surgery]] |
| | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |