Myocarditis classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]
Overview
Myocarditis may be classified according to pathologic findings into 4 subtypes: fulminant myocarditis, acute myocarditis, chronic active myocarditis, and chronic persistent myocarditis.
Classification
Myocarditis may be classified according to pathologic findings into 4 subtypes:[1]
- Fulminant myocarditis: Fulminant myocarditis occurs following a viral prodrome. Fulminant myocarditis presents as acute severe cardiovascular compromise with ventricular dysfunction.[2] On endomyocardial biopsy, there are multiple foci of inflammation.
- Acute myocarditis: Acute myocarditis presents with a less distinct onset of the illness. When the patient does present, there is already a decline in left ventricular dysfunction. Acute myocarditis may progress to dilated cardiomyopathy.
- Chronic active myocarditis: Chronic active myocarditis has a less distinct onset of the illness. There are clinical and histologic relapses and the development of ventricular dysfunction. Histologically, chronic inflammatory changes with mild to moderate fibrosis may be present.
- Chronic persistent myocarditis: Chronic persistent myocarditis has a less distinct onset of the illness. Histologically it is characterized by persistent infiltration and myocyte necrosis. Despite the presence of symptoms, ventricular dysfunction is absent.
References
- ↑ Lieberman EB, Hutchins GM, Herskowitz A, Rose NR, Baughman KL (1991). "Clinicopathologic description of myocarditis". J Am Coll Cardiol. 18 (7): 1617–26. PMID 1960305.
- ↑ McCarthy RE, Boehmer JP, Hruban RH, Hutchins GM, Kasper EK, Hare JM; et al. (2000). "Long-term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis". N Engl J Med. 342 (10): 690–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM200003093421003. PMID 10706898.