Myelodysplastic syndrome pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]

Overview

On microscopic histopathological analysis, dyserythropoiesis, dysgranulopoiesis, and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis are findings of myelodysplastic syndrome.

Associated conditions

Myelodysplastic syndrome may be associated with:

• Fanconi syndrome
• Diamond-blackfan syndrome
• Shwachman-diamond syndrome

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, a well , subcapsular tumor may be suggestive of myelodysplastic syndrome.

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of myelodysplastic syndrome include:

• Dyserythropoiesis
• Dysgranulopoiesis
• Dysmegakaryocytopoiesis

Dyserythropoiesis

• Abnormal red blood cell formation

Nuclear features

• Nuclear budding
• Intranuclear bridging (nuclei fail to separate post-division)
• Multinucleation
• Megablastoid change

• May be hard to see

• Karyorrhexis (nuclear fragmentation)

Cytoplasmic features

• Ring sideroblasts

• Rim of RBC has ring of iron

• Vacuolization

References

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