Multiple myeloma physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients with multiple myeloma usually appear fatigued and [[lethargic]]. Physical examination of patients with multiple myeloma is usually remarkable for [[pallor]], [[purpura]], [[hepatosplenomegaly]], [[carpal tunnel syndrome]], and signs of [[cord compression]]. Any of these physical findings may warrant further evaluation, and thus lead to an incidental diagnosis of multiple myeloma.<ref name="N">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="C">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref> | Patients with multiple myeloma usually appear fatigued and [[lethargic]]. Physical examination of patients with multiple myeloma is usually remarkable for [[pallor]], [[purpura]], [[hepatosplenomegaly]], bony tenderness, [[carpal tunnel syndrome]], and signs of [[cord compression]]. Any of these physical findings may warrant further evaluation, and thus lead to an incidental diagnosis of multiple myeloma.<ref name="N">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="C">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref> | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
Revision as of 22:29, 19 August 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2] Shyam Patel [3]
Overview
Patients with multiple myeloma usually appear fatigued and lethargic. Physical examination of patients with multiple myeloma is usually remarkable for pallor, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, bony tenderness, carpal tunnel syndrome, and signs of cord compression. Any of these physical findings may warrant further evaluation, and thus lead to an incidental diagnosis of multiple myeloma.[1][2]
Physical Examination
General appearance
- Multiple myeloma patients often appear lethargic and fatigued
Vital Signs
- Low-grade fever may be present
Skin
HEENT
- Lymphadenopathy
- Conjuctival pallor
- Visual defects
- Exudative retinal detachment
- Retinal haemorrhage
- Increased adipose deposition around the neck (if dexamethasone is used for therapy)
- Cotton-wool spots may be present
Abdomen
- Hepatomegaly
- Splenomegaly
- Abdominal tenderness (if hypercalcemia is present)
Skeletal
- Bony tenderness along cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine
- Bony tenderness in long bones
- Tinel's sign may be present
- Phalen sign may be present
Neurologic
- Dermatomal sensory loss
- Altered sensation
- Neuropathy
Psychiatric
- Mood alterations (if hypercalcemia is present)
References
- ↑ Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015