Monkeypox risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{{Monkeypox}} | {{Monkeypox}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Bassel Almarie, M.D. | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Bassel Almarie, M.D. ''' | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Risk factors for contacting monkeypox virus include close physical contact with infected person or animal (including direct contact with lesions, bodily fluids, and respiratory secretions), direct contact with contaminated materials such as towels<ref name="urlMulti-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385 |title=Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12855947">{{cite journal| author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)| title=Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003. | journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | year= 2003 | volume= 52 | issue= 27 | pages= 642-6 | pmid=12855947 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12855947 }} </ref> | Risk factors for contacting monkeypox virus include close physical contact with infected person or animal (including direct contact with lesions, bodily fluids, and respiratory secretions), direct contact with contaminated materials such as towels<ref name="urlMulti-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385 |title=Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12855947">{{cite journal| author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)| title=Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003. | journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | year= 2003 | volume= 52 | issue= 27 | pages= 642-6 | pmid=12855947 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12855947 }} </ref>, eating undercooked meat<ref name="pmid18252104">{{cite journal| author=Reynolds MG, Davidson WB, Curns AT, Conover CS, Huhn G, Davis JP | display-authors=etal| title=Spectrum of infection and risk factors for human monkeypox, United States, 2003. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 13 | issue= 9 | pages= 1332-9 | pmid=18252104 | doi=10.3201/eid1309.070175 | pmc=2857287 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18252104 }} </ref>, and complex exposures to infected animal (e.g., invasive bite or scratch that breaks the skin)<ref name="pmid16941343">{{cite journal| author=Reynolds MG, Yorita KL, Kuehnert MJ, Davidson WB, Huhn GD, Holman RC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 194 | issue= 6 | pages= 773-80 | pmid=16941343 | doi=10.1086/505880 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16941343 }} </ref>. | ||
==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
* | *Close physical contact with infected person or animal<ref name="urlMulti-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385 |title=Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12855947">{{cite journal| author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)| title=Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003. | journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | year= 2003 | volume= 52 | issue= 27 | pages= 642-6 | pmid=12855947 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12855947 }} </ref>. | ||
* Direct contact with | *Direct contact with lesions, bodily fluids, or respiratory secretions of an infected person or animal<ref name="urlInfection Control: Healthcare Settings | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/infection-control-healthcare.html |title=Infection Control: Healthcare Settings | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18252104">{{cite journal| author=Reynolds MG, Davidson WB, Curns AT, Conover CS, Huhn G, Davis JP | display-authors=etal| title=Spectrum of infection and risk factors for human monkeypox, United States, 2003. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 13 | issue= 9 | pages= 1332-9 | pmid=18252104 | doi=10.3201/eid1309.070175 | pmc=2857287 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18252104 }} </ref><ref name="pmid35624160">{{cite journal| author=Kozlov M| title=Monkeypox outbreaks: 4 key questions researchers have. | journal=Nature | year= 2022 | volume= 606 | issue= 7913 | pages= 238-239 | pmid=35624160 | doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01493-6 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35624160 }} </ref>. | ||
* | *Direct contact with contaminated materials such as animal cages, blankets or towels<ref name="urlInfection Control: Healthcare Settings | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/infection-control-healthcare.html |title=Infection Control: Healthcare Settings | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16941343">{{cite journal| author=Reynolds MG, Yorita KL, Kuehnert MJ, Davidson WB, Huhn GD, Holman RC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 194 | issue= 6 | pages= 773-80 | pmid=16941343 | doi=10.1086/505880 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16941343 }} </ref>. | ||
* Daily exposure or complex exposure to infected animal. “Complex” exposures (e.g., invasive bite or scratch that breaks the skin) were associated with shorter incubation periods, pronounced signs of systemic illness, and hospitalizations<ref name="pmid18252104">{{cite journal| author=Reynolds MG, Davidson WB, Curns AT, Conover CS, Huhn G, Davis JP | display-authors=etal| title=Spectrum of infection and risk factors for human monkeypox, United States, 2003. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 13 | issue= 9 | pages= 1332-9 | pmid=18252104 | doi=10.3201/eid1309.070175 | pmc=2857287 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18252104 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16941343">{{cite journal| author=Reynolds MG, Yorita KL, Kuehnert MJ, Davidson WB, Huhn GD, Holman RC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 194 | issue= 6 | pages= 773-80 | pmid=16941343 | doi=10.1086/505880 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16941343 }} </ref>. | *Consumption of undercooked meat of infected animals<ref name="urlMulti-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385 |title=Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>. | ||
*Daily exposure or complex exposure to infected animal. “Complex” exposures (e.g., invasive bite or scratch that breaks the skin) were associated with shorter incubation periods, pronounced signs of systemic illness, and hospitalizations<ref name="pmid18252104">{{cite journal| author=Reynolds MG, Davidson WB, Curns AT, Conover CS, Huhn G, Davis JP | display-authors=etal| title=Spectrum of infection and risk factors for human monkeypox, United States, 2003. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 13 | issue= 9 | pages= 1332-9 | pmid=18252104 | doi=10.3201/eid1309.070175 | pmc=2857287 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18252104 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16941343">{{cite journal| author=Reynolds MG, Yorita KL, Kuehnert MJ, Davidson WB, Huhn GD, Holman RC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 194 | issue= 6 | pages= 773-80 | pmid=16941343 | doi=10.1086/505880 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16941343 }} </ref>. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Revision as of 16:48, 13 June 2022
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Bassel Almarie, M.D.
Overview
Risk factors for contacting monkeypox virus include close physical contact with infected person or animal (including direct contact with lesions, bodily fluids, and respiratory secretions), direct contact with contaminated materials such as towels[1][2], eating undercooked meat[3], and complex exposures to infected animal (e.g., invasive bite or scratch that breaks the skin)[4].
Risk factors
- Direct contact with lesions, bodily fluids, or respiratory secretions of an infected person or animal[5][3][6].
- Consumption of undercooked meat of infected animals[1].
- Daily exposure or complex exposure to infected animal. “Complex” exposures (e.g., invasive bite or scratch that breaks the skin) were associated with shorter incubation periods, pronounced signs of systemic illness, and hospitalizations[3][4].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2003). "Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 52 (27): 642–6. PMID 12855947.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Reynolds MG, Davidson WB, Curns AT, Conover CS, Huhn G, Davis JP; et al. (2007). "Spectrum of infection and risk factors for human monkeypox, United States, 2003". Emerg Infect Dis. 13 (9): 1332–9. doi:10.3201/eid1309.070175. PMC 2857287. PMID 18252104.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Reynolds MG, Yorita KL, Kuehnert MJ, Davidson WB, Huhn GD, Holman RC; et al. (2006). "Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection". J Infect Dis. 194 (6): 773–80. doi:10.1086/505880. PMID 16941343.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Infection Control: Healthcare Settings | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC".
- ↑ Kozlov M (2022). "Monkeypox outbreaks: 4 key questions researchers have". Nature. 606 (7913): 238–239. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-01493-6. PMID 35624160 Check
|pmid=value (help).