Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis risk factors

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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is associated with several disease than can categorize in to several groups. The most relevant conditions that have strong evidence behind them to prove the correlation of them with MPGN are included:

• Chronic infections
• Autoimmune diseases
• Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)
• Chronic and recovered thrombotic microangiopathies
• Paraprotein deposition diseases
• Malignant neoplasms

Risk factors

There are too many conditions those are associated with MPGN and each of this disease have their own potential to increase the risk of occurring MPGN.

Conditions associated with a membranoproliferative pattern of injury are listed as follows:

• Immune complex–mediated disease

• Idiopathic forms of MPGN or of unknown association

  • MPGN type I
  • MPGN type II or dense deposit disease and PLD
  • MPGN type III

• Autoimmune diseases

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
  • Sjögren syndrome
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Inherited complement deficiencies, in particular, C2 deficiency
  • Scleroderma
  • Celiac disease

• Chronic infections

  • Viral - Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and cryoglobulinemia type II
  • Bacterial - Endocarditis, infected ventriculoatrial (or jugular) shunt, multiple visceral abscesses, leprosy
  • Protozoal - Malaria, schistosomiasis
  • Other infections - Mycoplasma, Lyme Disease

• Miscellaneous - Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)

• Chronic and recovered thrombotic microangiopathies

• Healing phase of hemolytic uremic syndrome and/or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Syndromes of circulating antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin) antibodies
• Radiation nephritis
• Nephropathy associated with bone marrow transplantation
• Sickle cell anemia and polycythemia
• Transplant glomerulopathy

• Paraprotein deposition diseases

• Glomerulonephropathies associated with cryoglobulinemia type I
• Waldenström macroglobulinemia
• Immunotactoid glomerulopathy
• Immunoglobulin light chain or heavy chain deposition diseases
• Fibrillary glomerulonephritis

• Malignant neoplasms

• Lymphoma
• Leukemia
• Carcinoma