Mediastinal mass: Difference between revisions
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The [[mediastinum]] is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. A wide variety of diseases involving these organs can present as a mediastinal mass or widening of the mediastinum on imaging studies. Mediastinal widening is diagnosed by the mediastinum measuring greater than 8 cm in width on PA chest x-ray. The mediastinal mass may present with symptoms caused by the mass pressing against other organs or even without any symptoms. Mediastinal masses can be differentiated on the basis of location in the mediastinal cavity into 3 groups: Prevascular, visceral and paravertebral. | The [[mediastinum]] is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. A wide variety of diseases involving these organs can present as a mediastinal mass or widening of the mediastinum on imaging studies. Mediastinal widening is diagnosed by the mediastinum measuring greater than 8 cm in width on PA chest x-ray. The mediastinal mass may present with symptoms caused by the mass pressing against other organs or even without any symptoms. Mediastinal masses can be differentiated on the basis of location in the mediastinal cavity into 3 groups: Prevascular, visceral and paravertebral. | ||
{| | {| | ||
| | ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |'''Intenational Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) Classification''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Prevascular | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Compartments''' | ||
| | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Boundaries''' | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Components''' | |||
|- | |||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Prevascular''' | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |||
* Superior: Thoracic inlet | * Superior: Thoracic inlet | ||
* Inferior: Diaphragm | * Inferior: Diaphragm | ||
* Anterior: Sternum | * Anterior: Sternum | ||
* Posterior: Anterior aspect of pericardium | * Posterior: Anterior aspect of the pericardium | ||
* Lateral: Parietal mediastinal pleura | * Lateral: Parietal mediastinal pleura | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Thymus | * Thymus | ||
* Fat | * Fat | ||
| Line 28: | Line 29: | ||
* Left brachiocephalic vein | * Left brachiocephalic vein | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Visceral | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Visceral''' | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Superior: Thoracic inlet | * Superior: Thoracic inlet | ||
* Inferior: Diaphragm | * Inferior: Diaphragm | ||
* Anterior: Posterior boundaries of prevascular compartment | * Anterior: Posterior boundaries of prevascular compartment | ||
* Posterior: Vertical line connecting a point on each thoracic vertebral body 1 cm posterior to its origin | * Posterior: Vertical line connecting a point on each thoracic vertebral body 1 cm posterior to its origin | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Non vascular: | * Non vascular: | ||
** Trachea | ** Trachea | ||
| Line 51: | Line 52: | ||
* | * | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Paravertebral | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Paravertebral''' | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Superior: Thoracic inlet | * Superior: Thoracic inlet | ||
* Inferior: Diaphragm | * Inferior: Diaphragm | ||
| Line 58: | Line 59: | ||
* Posterolateral: Vertical line agaiinst the posterior margin of the chest wall at the lateral margin of the transvers process of tthoracicspine | * Posterolateral: Vertical line agaiinst the posterior margin of the chest wall at the lateral margin of the transvers process of tthoracicspine | ||
* Lateral | * Lateral | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Thoracic spine | * Thoracic spine | ||
* Paravertebral soft tissues | * Paravertebral soft tissues | ||
|- | |||
|colspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="left" + |<small>'''Adapted from [https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2017160095 Radiographics]'''</small> | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 14:34, 19 February 2019
|
Mediastinal mass Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2], Amr Marawan, M.D. [3]
Synonyms and keywords: Mediastinal enlargement; mass in the mediastinum
Overview
The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. A wide variety of diseases involving these organs can present as a mediastinal mass or widening of the mediastinum on imaging studies. Mediastinal widening is diagnosed by the mediastinum measuring greater than 8 cm in width on PA chest x-ray. The mediastinal mass may present with symptoms caused by the mass pressing against other organs or even without any symptoms. Mediastinal masses can be differentiated on the basis of location in the mediastinal cavity into 3 groups: Prevascular, visceral and paravertebral.
| Intenational Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) Classification | ||
|---|---|---|
| Compartments | Boundaries | Components |
| Prevascular |
|
|
| Visceral |
|
|
| Paravertebral |
|
|
| Adapted from Radiographics | ||