Measles primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Ever since the introduction of the measles vaccine, there has been a marked reduction of the incidence of this disease in the population, the widespread use of measles vaccine has led to a greater than 99% reduction in measles cases in the United States, when compared with the pre-vaccine era. Therefore the most effective way of preventing measles is with active immunization, provided by the measles vaccine, which is often incorporated with rubella and/or mumps vaccines, in the MMR vaccine, in countries where these illnesses represent a problem.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Measles | url = http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/ }}</ref><ref name="MossGriffin2012">{{cite journal|last1=Moss|first1=William J|last2=Griffin|first2=Diane E|title=Measles|journal=The Lancet|volume=379|issue=9811|year=2012|pages=153–164|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62352-5}}</ref><ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Measles vaccination | url = http://www.cdc.gov/measles/vaccination.html }}</ref> | Ever since the introduction of the measles vaccine, there has been a marked reduction of the incidence of this disease in the population, the widespread use of measles vaccine has led to a greater than 99% reduction in measles cases in the United States, when compared with the pre-vaccine era. Therefore the most effective way of preventing measles is with active immunization, provided by the measles vaccine, which is often incorporated with rubella and/or mumps vaccines, in the MMR vaccine, in countries where these illnesses represent a problem. Unfortunately, measles is still a common disease in developing countries, where the virus is highly contagious and is able to spread across large areas, where vaccination is not widespread.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Measles | url = http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/ }}</ref><ref name="MossGriffin2012">{{cite journal|last1=Moss|first1=William J|last2=Griffin|first2=Diane E|title=Measles|journal=The Lancet|volume=379|issue=9811|year=2012|pages=153–164|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62352-5}}</ref><ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Measles vaccination | url = http://www.cdc.gov/measles/vaccination.html }}</ref> | ||
==Primary Prevention== | ==Primary Prevention== | ||
Revision as of 18:15, 24 June 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Ever since the introduction of the measles vaccine, there has been a marked reduction of the incidence of this disease in the population, the widespread use of measles vaccine has led to a greater than 99% reduction in measles cases in the United States, when compared with the pre-vaccine era. Therefore the most effective way of preventing measles is with active immunization, provided by the measles vaccine, which is often incorporated with rubella and/or mumps vaccines, in the MMR vaccine, in countries where these illnesses represent a problem. Unfortunately, measles is still a common disease in developing countries, where the virus is highly contagious and is able to spread across large areas, where vaccination is not widespread.[1][2][3]
Primary Prevention
- The vaccination is generally not given earlier than this because children younger than 18 months usually retain anti-measles immunoglobulins (antibodies) transmitted from the mother during pregnancy.
- A "booster" vaccine is then given between the ages of four and five.
- Vaccination rates have been high enough to make measles relatively uncommon.
- Even a single case in a college dormitory or similar setting is often met with a local vaccination program, in case any of the people exposed are not already immune.
Measles vaccine (contained in MMR, MR and measles vaccines) can prevent this disease. The MMR vaccine is a live, attenuated (weakened), combination vaccine that protects against the measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. It was first licensed in the combined form in 1971 and contains the safest and most effective forms of each vaccine. It is made by taking the measles virus from the throat of an infected person and adapting it to grow in chick embryo cells in a laboratory. As the virus becomes better able to grow in the chick embryo cells, it becomes less able to grow in a child’s skin or lungs. When this vaccine virus is given to a child it replicates only a little before it is eliminated from the body. This replication causes the body to develop an immunity that, in 95% of children, lasts for a lifetime. A second dose of the vaccine is recommended to protect those 5% who did not develop immunity in the first dose and to give "booster" effect to those who did develop an immune response.
- Children should get 2 doses of MMR vaccine
- The first dose at 12-15 months of age
- The second dose at 4-6 years of age
These are the recommended ages. But children can get the second dose at any age, as long as it is at least 28 days after the first dose.
Adults DO NOT need the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR) if:
- Blood tests show immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella.
- You are a man born before 1957.
- You are a woman born before 1957 who is sure she is not having more children, has already had rubella vaccine, or has had a positive rubella test.
- You already had two doses of MMR or one dose of MMR plus a second dose of measles vaccine.
- You already had one dose of MMR and are not at high risk of measles exposure.
Adults SHOULD get the measles vaccine if you are not among the categories listed above, and:
- You are a college student, trade school student, or other student beyond high school.
- You work in a hospital or other medical facility*.
- You travel internationally, or are a passenger on a cruise ship.
- You are a woman of childbearing age.
References
- ↑ "Measles".
- ↑ Moss, William J; Griffin, Diane E (2012). "Measles". The Lancet. 379 (9811): 153–164. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62352-5. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ "Measles vaccination".