Mastoiditis primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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* [[Breastfeeding]] infants until at least 6 months of age.<sup>[[Otitis media prevention#cite note-pmid19581824-3|[3]]]</sup> | * [[Breastfeeding]] infants until at least 6 months of age.<sup>[[Otitis media prevention#cite note-pmid19581824-3|[3]]]</sup> | ||
** This is correlated with higher levels of [[antibodies]] to acute otitis media cause nontypeable ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'', as well as pathogenic outer membrane [[protein]] P6. | ** This is correlated with higher levels of [[antibodies]] to acute otitis media cause nontypeable ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'', as well as pathogenic outer membrane [[protein]] P6. | ||
Administering a [[prophylactic]] antibiotic regimen for children at risk for developing recurrent otitis media: | Administering a [[prophylactic]] antibiotic regimen for children at risk for developing recurrent otitis media (such as immunosuppressed children, genetically susceptible): | ||
* Preferred regimen (1): [[Amoxicillin]] 20 mg/kg po once daily.<sup>[[Otitis media prevention#cite note-pmid17054203-4|[4]]]</sup> | * Preferred regimen (1): [[Amoxicillin]] 20 mg/kg po once daily.<sup>[[Otitis media prevention#cite note-pmid17054203-4|[4]]]</sup> | ||
* Preferred regimen (2): [[Sulfisoxazole]] 50 mg/kg po at bedtime.<sup>[[Otitis media prevention#cite note-pmid17054203-4|[4]]]</sup> | * Preferred regimen (2): [[Sulfisoxazole]] 50 mg/kg po at bedtime.<sup>[[Otitis media prevention#cite note-pmid17054203-4|[4]]]</sup> | ||
Revision as of 16:38, 5 July 2017
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Mastoiditis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Preventing mastoiditis primarily involves preventing developing otitis media and nasopharyngitis. This is achieved by the pneumococcal and influenza vaccines, frequently washing hands, and avoiding fluid transmission and respiratory droplets from nasopharyngitis patients. Preventing exposure to air pollution as potential middle ear irritants, such as secondhand smoke, contributes to preventing otitis media. For infants, preventative measures include avoiding pacifiers, avoiding daycare enrollment, and breastfeeding until at least 6 months of age. A prophylactic regimen of antibiotics can prevent otitis media in at-risk infants and children.
Primary Prevention
Preventative measures for mastoiditis involve preventing the development of otitis media and nasopharyngitis from infectious pathogens:
- Administering the following vaccinations:[1]
- Washing hands frequently.
- Avoiding fluid transmission with nasopharyngitis patients.
- Avoiding coughing and respiratory droplets from respiratory illness indicative nasopharyngitis.
- Avoiding first or secondhand smoke or other air pollutants with potential for middle ear irritation.[2]
- Avoiding use of pacifiers in infants.
- Avoiding enrollment in daycares.
- Breastfeeding infants until at least 6 months of age.[3]
- This is correlated with higher levels of antibodies to acute otitis media cause nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, as well as pathogenic outer membrane protein P6.
Administering a prophylactic antibiotic regimen for children at risk for developing recurrent otitis media (such as immunosuppressed children, genetically susceptible):
- Preferred regimen (1): Amoxicillin 20 mg/kg po once daily.[4]
- Preferred regimen (2): Sulfisoxazole 50 mg/kg po at bedtime.[4]
- Alternative Regimen (1): TMP-SMX 4 mg-20 mg/kg once daily.[4