Mastoiditis primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Primary Prevention== | ==Primary Prevention== | ||
Preventative measures for mastoiditis involve preventing the development of otitis media and [[nasopharyngitis]] from infectious pathogens: | Preventative measures for mastoiditis involve preventing the development of otitis media and [[nasopharyngitis]] from infectious pathogens: | ||
* Administering the following vaccinations:< | * Administering the following vaccinations:<ref name="pmid23439909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, Ganiats TG, Hoberman A, Jackson MA, Joffe MD, Miller DT, Rosenfeld RM, Sevilla XD, Schwartz RH, Thomas PA, Tunkel DE |title=The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media |journal=Pediatrics |volume=131 |issue=3 |pages=e964–99 |year=2013 |pmid=23439909 |doi=10.1542/peds.2012-3488 |url=}}</ref> | ||
** ''[[Pneumococcal]]'' | ** ''[[Pneumococcal]]'' | ||
** [[Influenza]] | ** [[Influenza]] | ||
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* Avoiding [[coughing]] and [[respiratory]] droplets from [[respiratory illness]] indicative [[nasopharyngitis]]. | * Avoiding [[coughing]] and [[respiratory]] droplets from [[respiratory illness]] indicative [[nasopharyngitis]]. | ||
* Avoiding first or secondhand smoke or other air pollutants with potential for [[middle ear]] irritation.< | * Avoiding first or secondhand smoke or other air pollutants with potential for [[middle ear]] irritation.<ref name="urlEar infection - acute: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000638.htm |title=Ear infection - acute: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
* Avoiding use of pacifiers in infants. | * Avoiding use of pacifiers in infants. | ||
* Avoiding enrollment in daycares. | * Avoiding enrollment in daycares. | ||
* [[Breastfeeding]] infants until at least 6 months of age.< | * [[Breastfeeding]] infants until at least 6 months of age.<ref name="pmid19581824">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sabirov A, Casey JR, Murphy TF, Pichichero ME |title=Breast-feeding is associated with a reduced frequency of acute otitis media and high serum antibody levels against NTHi and outer membrane protein vaccine antigen candidate P6 |journal=Pediatr. Res. |volume=66 |issue=5 |pages=565–70 |year=2009 |pmid=19581824 |pmc=2783794 |doi=10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181b4f8a6 |url=}}</ref> | ||
** This is correlated with higher levels of [[antibodies]] to acute otitis media cause nontypeable ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'', as well as pathogenic outer membrane [[protein]] P6. | ** This is correlated with higher levels of [[antibodies]] to acute otitis media cause nontypeable ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'', as well as pathogenic outer membrane [[protein]] P6. | ||
Administering a [[prophylactic]] antibiotic regimen for children at risk for developing recurrent otitis media (such as immunosuppressed children, genetically susceptible): | Administering a [[prophylactic]] antibiotic regimen for children at risk for developing recurrent otitis media (such as immunosuppressed children, genetically susceptible): | ||
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* Preferred regimen (2): [[Sulfisoxazole]] 50 mg/kg po at bedtime.<sup>[[Otitis media prevention#cite note-pmid17054203-4|[4]]]</sup> | * Preferred regimen (2): [[Sulfisoxazole]] 50 mg/kg po at bedtime.<sup>[[Otitis media prevention#cite note-pmid17054203-4|[4]]]</sup> | ||
* Alternative Regimen (1): [[TMP-SMX]] 4 mg-20 mg/kg once daily.<sup>[[Otitis media prevention#cite note-pmid17054203-4|[4]]</sup> | * Alternative Regimen (1): [[TMP-SMX]] 4 mg-20 mg/kg once daily.<sup>[[Otitis media prevention#cite note-pmid17054203-4|[4]]</sup> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 16:41, 5 July 2017
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Mastoiditis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Preventing mastoiditis primarily involves preventing developing otitis media and nasopharyngitis. This is achieved by the pneumococcal and influenza vaccines, frequently washing hands, and avoiding fluid transmission and respiratory droplets from nasopharyngitis patients. Preventing exposure to air pollution as potential middle ear irritants, such as secondhand smoke, contributes to preventing otitis media. For infants, preventative measures include avoiding pacifiers, avoiding daycare enrollment, and breastfeeding until at least 6 months of age. A prophylactic regimen of antibiotics can prevent otitis media in at-risk infants and children.
Primary Prevention
Preventative measures for mastoiditis involve preventing the development of otitis media and nasopharyngitis from infectious pathogens:
- Administering the following vaccinations:[1]
- Washing hands frequently.
- Avoiding fluid transmission with nasopharyngitis patients.
- Avoiding coughing and respiratory droplets from respiratory illness indicative nasopharyngitis.
- Avoiding first or secondhand smoke or other air pollutants with potential for middle ear irritation.[2]
- Avoiding use of pacifiers in infants.
- Avoiding enrollment in daycares.
- Breastfeeding infants until at least 6 months of age.[3]
- This is correlated with higher levels of antibodies to acute otitis media cause nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, as well as pathogenic outer membrane protein P6.
Administering a prophylactic antibiotic regimen for children at risk for developing recurrent otitis media (such as immunosuppressed children, genetically susceptible):
- Preferred regimen (1): Amoxicillin 20 mg/kg po once daily.[4]
- Preferred regimen (2): Sulfisoxazole 50 mg/kg po at bedtime.[4]
- Alternative Regimen (1): TMP-SMX 4 mg-20 mg/kg once daily.[4
References
- ↑ Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, Ganiats TG, Hoberman A, Jackson MA, Joffe MD, Miller DT, Rosenfeld RM, Sevilla XD, Schwartz RH, Thomas PA, Tunkel DE (2013). "The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media". Pediatrics. 131 (3): e964–99. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3488. PMID 23439909.
- ↑ "Ear infection - acute: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ Sabirov A, Casey JR, Murphy TF, Pichichero ME (2009). "Breast-feeding is associated with a reduced frequency of acute otitis media and high serum antibody levels against NTHi and outer membrane protein vaccine antigen candidate P6". Pediatr. Res. 66 (5): 565–70. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181b4f8a6. PMC 2783794. PMID 19581824.